AIMC Topic: Causality

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Guidelines and Best Practices for the Use of Targeted Maximum Likelihood and Machine Learning When Estimating Causal Effects of Exposures on Time-To-Event Outcomes.

Statistics in medicine
Targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE) is an increasingly popular framework for the estimation of causal effects. It requires modeling both the exposure and outcome but is doubly robust in the sense that it is valid if at least one of these mo...

A causal machine-learning framework for studying policy impact on air pollution: a case study in COVID-19 lockdowns.

American journal of epidemiology
When studying the impact of policy interventions or natural experiments on air pollution, such as new environmental policies or the opening or closing of an industrial facility, careful statistical analysis is needed to separate causal changes from o...

A Modular Service for Causal Inference in the Context of the Gaia-X Ecosystem.

Studies in health technology and informatics
Causal inference seeks to learn the effect of interventions on outcomes. Its potential in the health domain has been dramatically increasing recently, due to advancements in machine learning, as well as in the growing amount of medical data collected...

Harnessing causal forests for epidemiologic research: key considerations.

American journal of epidemiology
Assessing heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs) is an essential task in epidemiology. The recent integration of machine learning into causal inference has provided a new, flexible tool for evaluating complex HTEs: causal forest. In a recent paper, J...

Practical Guide to Honest Causal Forests for Identifying Heterogeneous Treatment Effects.

American journal of epidemiology
"Heterogeneous treatment effects" is a term which refers to conditional average treatment effects (i.e., CATEs) that vary across population subgroups. Epidemiologists are often interested in estimating such effects because they can help detect popula...

The Causal Plausibility Decision in Healthcare.

Studies in health technology and informatics
The explosion of interest in exploiting machine learning techniques in healthcare has brought the issue of inferring causation from observational data to centre stage. In our work in supporting the health decisions of the individual person/patient-as...

Causes of Outcome Learning: a causal inference-inspired machine learning approach to disentangling common combinations of potential causes of a health outcome.

International journal of epidemiology
Nearly all diseases are caused by different combinations of exposures. Yet, most epidemiological studies focus on estimating the effect of a single exposure on a health outcome. We present the Causes of Outcome Learning approach (CoOL), which seeks t...

The Future of Causal Inference.

American journal of epidemiology
The past several decades have seen exponential growth in causal inference approaches and their applications. In this commentary, we provide our top-10 list of emerging and exciting areas of research in causal inference. These include methods for high...

Analysis of Causal Relationships in Integrated Ontologies of Diseases, Phenotypes, and Radiological Diagnosis.

Studies in health technology and informatics
Biomedical ontologies encode knowledge in a form that makes it computable. The current study used the integration of three large biomedical ontologies-the Disease Ontology (DO), Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO), and Radiology Gamuts Ontology (RGO)-to e...

AIPW: An R Package for Augmented Inverse Probability-Weighted Estimation of Average Causal Effects.

American journal of epidemiology
An increasing number of recent studies have suggested that doubly robust estimators with cross-fitting should be used when estimating causal effects with machine learning methods. However, not all existing programs that implement doubly robust estima...