AI Medical Compendium Topic

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Dissent and Disputes

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Black-box assisted medical decisions: AI power vs. ethical physician care.

Medicine, health care, and philosophy
I raise an ethical problem with physicians using "black box" medical AI algorithms, arguing that its use would compromise proper patient care. Even if AI results are reliable, my contention is that without being able to explain medical decisions to p...

An autonomous debating system.

Nature
Artificial intelligence (AI) is defined as the ability of machines to perform tasks that are usually associated with intelligent beings. Argument and debate are fundamental capabilities of human intelligence, essential for a wide range of human activ...

Future minds and a new challenge to anti-natalism.

Bioethics
Some futurists and philosophers have urged that recent developments in biotechnology promise advancements that challenge standard accepted views of human nature, the self, and ethical obligation. Additionally, some have urged that developments in art...

The false hope of current approaches to explainable artificial intelligence in health care.

The Lancet. Digital health
The black-box nature of current artificial intelligence (AI) has caused some to question whether AI must be explainable to be used in high-stakes scenarios such as medicine. It has been argued that explainable AI will engender trust with the health-c...

Responsibility, second opinions and peer-disagreement: ethical and epistemological challenges of using AI in clinical diagnostic contexts.

Journal of medical ethics
In this paper, we first classify different types of second opinions and evaluate the ethical and epistemological implications of providing those in a clinical context. Second, we discuss the issue of how artificial intelligent (AI) could replace the ...

Solving time delay fractional optimal control problems via a Gudermannian neural network and convergence results.

Network (Bristol, England)
In this paper, we propose a Gudermannian neural network scheme to solve optimal control problems of fractional-order system with delays in state and control. The fractional derivative is described in the Caputo sense. The problem is first transformed...

The debate over understanding in AI's large language models.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
We survey a current, heated debate in the artificial intelligence (AI) research community on whether large pretrained language models can be said to understand language-and the physical and social situations language encodes-in any humanlike sense. W...

A Novel Machine-Learning Framework Based on a Hierarchy of Dispute Models for the Identification of Fish Species Using Multi-Mode Spectroscopy.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
Seafood mislabeling rates of approximately 20% have been reported globally. Traditional methods for fish species identification, such as DNA analysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), are expensive and time-consuming, and require skilled technicia...

A Comparison of ChatGPT and Fine-Tuned Open Pre-Trained Transformers (OPT) Against Widely Used Sentiment Analysis Tools: Sentiment Analysis of COVID-19 Survey Data.

JMIR mental health
BACKGROUND: Health care providers and health-related researchers face significant challenges when applying sentiment analysis tools to health-related free-text survey data. Most state-of-the-art applications were developed in domains such as social m...

AI and the nature of disagreement.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences
Litigation is a creature of disagreement. Our essay explores the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to help reduce legal disagreements. In any litigation, parties disagree over the facts, the law, or how the law applies to the facts. The sourc...