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Phantoms, Imaging

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Reconstruction of three-dimensional tomographic patient models for radiation dose modulation in CT from two scout views using deep learning.

Medical physics
BACKGROUND: A tomographic patient model is essential for radiation dose modulation in x-ray computed tomography (CT). Currently, two-view scout images (also known as topograms) are used to estimate patient models with relatively uniform attenuation c...

Model and parameter identification of soft tissue response to a movement of remotely navigated magnetic sphere.

Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials
Accurate and controlled movement of small, untethered objects within soft tissues has many potential applications in medical robotics. While medium reaction forces due to slow movement of solid objects in viscoelastic fluids are well-known, such forc...

Deep-learning reconstruction for ultra-low-dose lung CT: Volumetric measurement accuracy and reproducibility of artificial ground-glass nodules in a phantom study.

The British journal of radiology
OBJECTIVES: The lung nodule volume determined by CT is used for nodule diagnoses and monitoring tumor responses to therapy. Increased image noise on low-dose CT degrades the measurement accuracy of the lung nodule volume. We compared the volumetric a...

Noise reduction profile: A new method for evaluation of noise reduction techniques in CT.

Medical physics
PURPOSE: Noise power spectrum (NPS) is a commonly used performance metric to evaluate noise-reduction techniques (NRT) in imaging systems. The images reconstructed with and without an NRT can be compared via their NPS to better understand the NRT's e...

Deep learning-based 3Ddose reconstruction with an electronic portal imaging device for magnetic resonance-linear accelerators: a proof of concept study.

Physics in medicine and biology
To develop a novel deep learning-based 3Ddose reconstruction framework with an electronic portal imaging device (EPID) for magnetic resonance-linear accelerators (MR-LINACs).The proposed method directly back-projected 2D portal dose into 3D patient c...

Application of machine learning classifiers to X-ray diffraction imaging with medically relevant phantoms.

Medical physics
PURPOSE: Recent studies have demonstrated the ability to rapidly produce large field of view X-ray diffraction (XRD) images, which provide rich new data relevant to the understanding and analysis of disease. However, work has only just begun on devel...

Deep-learning model observer for a low-contrast hepatic metastases localization task in computed tomography.

Medical physics
PURPOSE: Conventional model observers (MO) in CT are often limited to a uniform background or varying background that is random and can be modeled in an analytical form. It is unclear if these conventional MOs can be readily generalized to predict hu...

Concurrently bendable and rotatable continuum tubular robot for omnidirectional multi-core transurethral prostate biopsy.

Medical & biological engineering & computing
A transurethral prostate biopsy device is proposed in this paper, which can shoot a biopsy needle at different angles to take samples from multiple locations within the prostate. Firstly, the traditional prostate biopsy methods, including transrectal...

Deep Learning for Ultrasound Image Formation: CUBDL Evaluation Framework and Open Datasets.

IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control
Deep learning for ultrasound image formation is rapidly garnering research support and attention, quickly rising as the latest frontier in ultrasound image formation, with much promise to balance both image quality and display speed. Despite this pro...

Deep learning-based reconstruction of chest ultra-high-resolution computed tomography and quantitative evaluations of smaller airways.

Respiratory investigation
The full-iterative model reconstruction generates ultra-high-resolution computed tomography (U-HRCT) images comprising a 1024 × 1024 matrix and 0.25 mm thickness while suppressing image noises, allowing evaluating small airways 1-2 mm in diameter. Ho...