AIMC Topic: Causality

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Causality in digital medicine.

Nature communications
Ben Glocker (an expert in machine learning for medical imaging, Imperial College London), Mirco Musolesi (a data science and digital health expert, University College London), Jonathan Richens (an expert in diagnostic machine learning models, Babylon...

Challenges in Obtaining Valid Causal Effect Estimates with Machine Learning Algorithms.

American journal of epidemiology
Unlike parametric regression, machine learning (ML) methods do not generally require precise knowledge of the true data generating mechanisms. As such, numerous authors have advocated for ML methods to estimate causal effects. Unfortunately, ML algor...

Estimating heterogeneous survival treatment effect in observational data using machine learning.

Statistics in medicine
Methods for estimating heterogeneous treatment effect in observational data have largely focused on continuous or binary outcomes, and have been relatively less vetted with survival outcomes. Using flexible machine learning methods in the counterfact...

Large-scale nonlinear Granger causality for inferring directed dependence from short multivariate time-series data.

Scientific reports
A key challenge to gaining insight into complex systems is inferring nonlinear causal directional relations from observational time-series data. Specifically, estimating causal relationships between interacting components in large systems with only s...

A machine learning compatible method for ordinal propensity score stratification and matching.

Statistics in medicine
Although machine learning techniques that estimate propensity scores for observational studies with multivalued treatments have advanced rapidly in recent years, the development of propensity score adjustment techniques has not kept pace. While machi...

The use of geroprotectors to prevent multimorbidity: Opportunities and challenges.

Mechanisms of ageing and development
Over 60 % of people over the age of 65 will suffer from multiple diseases concomitantly but the common approach is to treat each disease separately. As age-associated diseases have common underlying mechanisms there is potential to tackle many diseas...

Random Forests Approach for Causal Inference with Clustered Observational Data.

Multivariate behavioral research
There is a growing interest in using machine learning (ML) methods for causal inference due to their (nearly) automatic and flexible ability to model key quantities such as the propensity score or the outcome model. Unfortunately, most ML methods for...

Machine learning outcome regression improves doubly robust estimation of average causal effects.

Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
BACKGROUND: Doubly robust estimation produces an unbiased estimator for the average treatment effect unless both propensity score (PS) and outcome models are incorrectly specified. Studies have shown that the doubly robust estimator is subject to mor...