Artificial Intelligence Medical Compendium

BACKGROUND: Part 1 of this series found that measured gains from artificial intelligence (AI) in health economics and outcomes research (HEOR) concentrate in tasks with observable ground truth and disappear where the quantity of interest is a counter... read more 

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) is being introduced into every stage of the health economics and outcomes research (HEOR) production line, from literature screening to causal estimation. The field lacks a defensible count of what has been do... read more 

BACKGROUND: Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and detrusor underactivity (DU) can produce overlapping clinical and uroflowmetric presentations in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Pressure-flow studies (PFS) provide reference diagnoses, bu... read more 

Boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes are widely recognized for their strong visible-light absorption, high fluorescence, and structural modularity. Beyond fluorescence, molecular engineering can redirect their photoexcited states toward distinct photoc... read more 

As artificial intelligence (AI) has become widely accessible, physicians and patients increasingly turn to AI for personal and professional uses. Whether or not you use AI in your practice, other physicians use it in ways that affect you and your pat... read more 

Outcome-dependent sampling (ODS) designs are widely used in epidemiological and biomedical research as cost-effective alternatives to full cohort studies. While existing research has focused on parameter estimation and inference under specific models... read more 

OBJECTIVES: To assess the feasibility of estimating a radiographic Decayed-Missing-Filled-Teeth score (rDMFT), a proxy for the clinical DMFT index, from a single panoramic radiograph with a position-aware deep-learning pipeline. MATERIALS AND METHODS... read more 

Machine learning is increasingly used to predict post-surgical complications, but predictive performance does not guarantee clinical readiness. Shimizu and colleagues developed a promising model for older adults undergoing tibial fracture surgery usi... read more 

BACKGROUND: Factors driving intensive care unit (ICU) transfer decisions and mortality after rapid response team (RRT) activation remain unclear. We identified independent predictors of ICU admission, 28-day mortality, and in-hospital mortality in RR... read more 

Identifying marker-pair epistasis in genome-wide association studies remains challenging due to computational burden and statistically underpowered. Hence, we developed a big-data algorithm, Fast3VmrMLM, that integrates a genome-wide pairwise scannin... read more