AIMC Topic: Large Language Models

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AI-Assisted Detection Support for Middle Ear Diseases Using Multimodal Large Language Models.

Studies in health technology and informatics Aug 7, 2025
Middle ear diseases, such as otitis media and middle ear effusion, are difficult to accurately detect in primary care. We developed an AI-powered system using Azure OpenAI's GPT-4 Vision, the first multimodal large language model (LLM) applied to ana...
Otitis Media Natural Language Processing Otoscopy Ear, Middle Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted Large Language Models Humans Artificial Intelligence
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Accuracy of Large Language Models in Generating Rare Disease Differential Diagnosis Using Key Clinical Features.

Studies in health technology and informatics Aug 7, 2025
Generating differential diagnoses for rare disease patients can be time intensive and highly dependent on the background and training of the evaluating physicians. Large language models (LLMs) have the potential to complement this process by automati...
Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted Diagnosis, Differential Female Humans Male Large Language Models Natural Language Processing Rare Diseases
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Readability Assessment and Comparison of Large Language Model-Generated Summaries of Trial Descriptions on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Studies in health technology and informatics Aug 7, 2025
This study evaluated the readability of ClinicalTrials.gov trial information using traditional readability measures (TRMs) and compared it to summaries generated by large language models (LLMs), specifically ChatGPT and a fine-tuned BART-Large-CNN (F...
Humans Health Literacy Language Comprehension Natural Language Processing Large Language Models Clinical Trials as Topic
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Efficient Maintenance of Large-Scale Medical Dictionaries Using Large Language Models: A Case for Biomarkers.

Studies in health technology and informatics Aug 7, 2025
Dictionaries are essential in natural language processing and provide significant value across tasks; however, their construction and maintenance are expensive. Leveraging manual revision histories to suggest automatic corrections for unedited terms ...
Humans Natural Language Processing Large Language Models Biomarkers Dictionaries as Topic
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Leveraging Retrieval Augmented Generation-Driven Large Language Models to Extract Dementia Agitation Symptoms and Triggers from Free-Text Nursing Notes.

Studies in health technology and informatics Aug 7, 2025
Unstructured electronic health records are a rich source of patient-specific information but are challenging for analysis due to inconsistent terminology, diverse data formats, and extensive free-text content. To address this, we developed a named en...
Aberrant Motor Behavior in Dementia Dementia Natural Language Processing Psychomotor Agitation Nursing Records Artificial Intelligence Large Language Models Electronic Health Records Humans
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The Best of All Worlds: A Hybrid Approach to Cohort Identification with Rules, Small and Large Language Models.

Studies in health technology and informatics Aug 7, 2025
Balancing operational feasibility with the performance of natural language processing (NLP) systems is a significant challenge. This study presents a hybrid strategy to integrate manually curated rules, small language model (SLM), and large language ...
United States Natural Language Processing Vocabulary, Controlled Large Language Models Data Mining Electronic Health Records Cohort Studies Humans
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Optimizing Entity Recognition in Psychiatric Treatment Data with Large Language Models.

Studies in health technology and informatics Aug 7, 2025
Extracting nuanced adverse drug reactions (ADRs) from patient self-reported messages using is pivotal but challenging, particularly given HIPAA constraints. We investigate locally deployable small LLMs-Mistral-7B, Llama-3-8B, and Gemma-7B-for ADR ext...
Electronic Health Records Natural Language Processing Humans Mental Disorders Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems Large Language Models Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Data Mining
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Exploring Prompt-Based Large Language Model (LLM) Approach for Medication Error-Related Named Entity Recognition in Medical Incident Reports.

Studies in health technology and informatics Aug 7, 2025
Medication errors significantly challenge healthcare, necessitating innovative analytical methods. This study explored generative pre-trained language models (LLMs) for Named Entity Recognition (NER) in Japanese medical incident reports. We assessed ...
Humans Large Language Models Japan Medication Errors Electronic Health Records Natural Language Processing
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Clinical Trial Eligibility Criteria Decomposition and Parsing with Large Language Models.

Studies in health technology and informatics Aug 7, 2025
Clinical trial eligibility criteria, often presented as complex free text, pose significant challenges for automated processing. This study introduces a Decomposition and Parsing (DP) workflow to address these challenges by systematically breaking do...
Eligibility Determination Large Language Models Humans Alzheimer Disease Clinical Trials as Topic Natural Language Processing
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Performance of Open-Source Large Language Models to Extract Symptoms from Clinical Notes.

Studies in health technology and informatics Aug 7, 2025
In this study, we examined how well the open-source foundational large language models (LLMs) can extract symptoms and signs (S&S), along with their corresponding ICD-10 codes, from clinical notes found in the public MTSamples dataset. The dataset co...
Humans Electronic Health Records International Classification of Diseases Natural Language Processing Symptom Assessment Data Mining Large Language Models
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