AI Medical Compendium Journal:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Showing 1 to 10 of 332 articles

High-frequency monitoring enables machine learning-based forecasting of acute child malnutrition for early warning.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
The number of acutely food insecure people worldwide has doubled since 2017, increasing demand for early warning systems (EWS) that can predict food emergencies. Advances in computational methods, and the growing availability of near-real time remote...

AI assistance improves people's ability to distinguish correct from incorrect eyewitness lineup identifications.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Mistaken eyewitness identification is one of the leading causes of false convictions. Improving law enforcement's ability to identify correct identifications could have profound implications for criminal justice. Across two experiments, we show that ...

Near-zero photon bioimaging by fusing deep learning and ultralow-light microscopy.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Enhancing the reliability and reproducibility of optical microscopy by reducing specimen irradiance continues to be an important biotechnology target. As irradiance levels are reduced, however, the particle nature of light is heightened, giving rise ...

The benefits and dangers of anthropomorphic conversational agents.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
A growing body of research suggests that the recent generation of large language model (LLMs) excel, and in many cases outpace humans, at writing persuasively and empathetically, at inferring user traits from text, and at mimicking human-like convers...

Material-to-system tailored multilayer-cyclic strategy toward practical atmospheric water harvesting.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Solar-driven atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) presents a sustainable approach for freshwater production with sunlight as the sole energy input. To address challenges posed by diurnal moisture variations and diffusive sunlight, we present a system-w...

Identification of nanoparticle infiltration in human breast milk: Chemical profiles and trajectory pathways.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Breast milk is crucial for infant health, offering essential nutrients and immune protection. However, despite increasing exposure risks from nanoparticles (NPs), their potential infiltration into human breast milk remains poorly understood. This stu...

Derivational morphology reveals analogical generalization in large language models.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
What mechanisms underlie linguistic generalization in large language models (LLMs)? This question has attracted considerable attention, with most studies analyzing the extent to which the language skills of LLMs resemble rules. As of yet, it is not k...

Evidence of a social evaluation penalty for using AI.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Despite the rapid proliferation of AI tools, we know little about how people who use them are perceived by others. Drawing on theories of attribution and impression management, we propose that people believe they will be evaluated negatively by other...

Accurate identification and mechanistic evaluation of pathogenic missense variants with .

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Understanding the effects of missense mutations or single amino acid variants (SAVs) on protein function is crucial for elucidating the molecular basis of diseases/disorders and designing rational therapies. We introduce here , a machine learning too...

Testing theories of political persuasion using AI.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Despite its importance to society and many decades of research, key questions about the social and psychological processes of political persuasion remain unanswered, often due to data limitations. We propose that AI tools, specifically generative lar...