Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Jun 5, 2023
Cryo-soft X-ray tomography (cryo-SXT) is a powerful method to investigate the ultrastructure of cells, offering resolution in the tens of nanometer range and strong contrast for membranous structures without requiring labeling or chemical fixation. T...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
May 30, 2023
Protein side-chain packing (PSCP), the task of determining amino acid side-chain conformations given only backbone atom positions, has important applications to protein structure prediction, refinement, and design. Many methods have been proposed to ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Apr 24, 2023
With the recent success in calculating protein structures from amino acid sequences using artificial intelligence-based algorithms, an important next step is to decipher how dynamics is encoded by the primary protein sequence so as to better predict ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Apr 24, 2023
The philosopher John Rawls proposed the Veil of Ignorance (VoI) as a thought experiment to identify fair principles for governing a society. Here, we apply the VoI to an important governance domain: artificial intelligence (AI). In five incentive-com...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Apr 6, 2023
Discovering DNA regulatory sequence motifs and their relative positions is vital to understanding the mechanisms of gene expression regulation. Although deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved great success in predicting cis-regulator...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Mar 30, 2023
While neural networks are used for classification tasks across domains, a long-standing open problem in machine learning is determining whether neural networks trained using standard procedures are consistent for classification, i.e., whether such mo...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Mar 29, 2023
Quantifying the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is crucial for understanding brain waste clearance and nutrient delivery, as well as edema in pathological conditions such as stroke. However, existing in vivo techniques are limited to sparse velocit...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Mar 21, 2023
We survey a current, heated debate in the artificial intelligence (AI) research community on whether large pretrained language models can be said to understand language-and the physical and social situations language encodes-in any humanlike sense. W...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Mar 17, 2023
This year marks the 25th anniversary of the coinage of the term metabolome [S. G. Oliver ., , 373-378 (1998)]. As the field rapidly advances, it is important to take stock of the progress which has been made to best inform the disciplines future. Wh...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Mar 13, 2023
How will superhuman artificial intelligence (AI) affect human decision-making? And what will be the mechanisms behind this effect? We address these questions in a domain where AI already exceeds human performance, analyzing more than 5.8 million move...