Propolis is non-hazardous resinous substance mixture containing bioactive ingredients such as polyphenols, flavonoids and organic acid. It has been widely used as food supplement and immune adjuvant due to its benefits in anti-microbial and immunomod...
Nitrate (NO) pollution of waterbodies has attracted significant global attention as it poses a serious threat to aquatic organisms and human beings. This study aimed to evaluate the role of NO, an end product of biological nitrification processes, in...
Metals are considered to be one of the most hazardous substances due to their potential for accumulation, magnification, persistence, and wide distribution in water, sediments, and aquatic organisms. Demersal fish species, such as turbot (), are acce...
(1) Background: At present, physiological stress detection technology is a critical means for precisely evaluating the comprehensive health status of live fish. However, the commonly used biochemical tests are invasive and time-consuming and cannot s...