AIMC Topic: Large Language Models

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Enhancing Vaccine Safety Surveillance: Extracting Vaccine Mentions from Emergency Department Triage Notes Using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models.

Studies in health technology and informatics Aug 7, 2025
This study evaluates fine-tuned Llama 3.2 models for extracting vaccine-related information from emergency department triage notes to support near real-time vaccine safety surveillance. Prompt engineering was used to initially create a labeled datase...
Large Language Models Emergency Service, Hospital Vaccines Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems Data Mining Humans Product Surveillance, Postmarketing Triage Electronic Health Records Natural Language Processing
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Large Language Models Can be Good Medical Annotators: A Case Study of Drug Change Detection in Japanese EHRs.

Studies in health technology and informatics Aug 7, 2025
In this study, we combined automatically generated labels from large language models (LLMs) with a small number of manual annotations to classify adverse event-related treatment discontinuations in Japanese EHRs. By fine-tuning JMedRoBERTa and T5 on ...
Electronic Health Records East Asian People Large Language Models Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Humans Natural Language Processing Japan
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AI-Assisted Detection Support for Middle Ear Diseases Using Multimodal Large Language Models.

Studies in health technology and informatics Aug 7, 2025
Middle ear diseases, such as otitis media and middle ear effusion, are difficult to accurately detect in primary care. We developed an AI-powered system using Azure OpenAI's GPT-4 Vision, the first multimodal large language model (LLM) applied to ana...
Large Language Models Humans Artificial Intelligence Otoscopy Natural Language Processing Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted Otitis Media Ear, Middle
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Accuracy of Large Language Models in Generating Rare Disease Differential Diagnosis Using Key Clinical Features.

Studies in health technology and informatics Aug 7, 2025
Generating differential diagnoses for rare disease patients can be time intensive and highly dependent on the background and training of the evaluating physicians. Large language models (LLMs) have the potential to complement this process by automati...
Female Male Humans Natural Language Processing Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted Rare Diseases Diagnosis, Differential Large Language Models
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Readability Assessment and Comparison of Large Language Model-Generated Summaries of Trial Descriptions on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Studies in health technology and informatics Aug 7, 2025
This study evaluated the readability of ClinicalTrials.gov trial information using traditional readability measures (TRMs) and compared it to summaries generated by large language models (LLMs), specifically ChatGPT and a fine-tuned BART-Large-CNN (F...
Large Language Models Health Literacy Humans Language Clinical Trials as Topic Comprehension Natural Language Processing
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Efficient Maintenance of Large-Scale Medical Dictionaries Using Large Language Models: A Case for Biomarkers.

Studies in health technology and informatics Aug 7, 2025
Dictionaries are essential in natural language processing and provide significant value across tasks; however, their construction and maintenance are expensive. Leveraging manual revision histories to suggest automatic corrections for unedited terms ...
Natural Language Processing Large Language Models Dictionaries as Topic Humans Biomarkers
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Leveraging Retrieval Augmented Generation-Driven Large Language Models to Extract Dementia Agitation Symptoms and Triggers from Free-Text Nursing Notes.

Studies in health technology and informatics Aug 7, 2025
Unstructured electronic health records are a rich source of patient-specific information but are challenging for analysis due to inconsistent terminology, diverse data formats, and extensive free-text content. To address this, we developed a named en...
Natural Language Processing Large Language Models Psychomotor Agitation Electronic Health Records Dementia Nursing Records Aberrant Motor Behavior in Dementia Humans Artificial Intelligence
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The Best of All Worlds: A Hybrid Approach to Cohort Identification with Rules, Small and Large Language Models.

Studies in health technology and informatics Aug 7, 2025
Balancing operational feasibility with the performance of natural language processing (NLP) systems is a significant challenge. This study presents a hybrid strategy to integrate manually curated rules, small language model (SLM), and large language ...
Humans Electronic Health Records Cohort Studies Large Language Models Data Mining United States Vocabulary, Controlled Natural Language Processing
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Optimizing Entity Recognition in Psychiatric Treatment Data with Large Language Models.

Studies in health technology and informatics Aug 7, 2025
Extracting nuanced adverse drug reactions (ADRs) from patient self-reported messages using is pivotal but challenging, particularly given HIPAA constraints. We investigate locally deployable small LLMs-Mistral-7B, Llama-3-8B, and Gemma-7B-for ADR ext...
Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems Large Language Models Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Humans Data Mining Electronic Health Records Mental Disorders Natural Language Processing
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Exploring Prompt-Based Large Language Model (LLM) Approach for Medication Error-Related Named Entity Recognition in Medical Incident Reports.

Studies in health technology and informatics Aug 7, 2025
Medication errors significantly challenge healthcare, necessitating innovative analytical methods. This study explored generative pre-trained language models (LLMs) for Named Entity Recognition (NER) in Japanese medical incident reports. We assessed ...
Humans Japan Medication Errors Large Language Models Electronic Health Records Natural Language Processing
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