AI Medical Compendium Topic

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Radiography, Thoracic

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The limits of fair medical imaging AI in real-world generalization.

Nature medicine
As artificial intelligence (AI) rapidly approaches human-level performance in medical imaging, it is crucial that it does not exacerbate or propagate healthcare disparities. Previous research established AI's capacity to infer demographic data from c...

A deep learning-based algorithm for pulmonary tuberculosis detection in chest radiography.

Scientific reports
In tuberculosis (TB), chest radiography (CXR) patterns are highly variable, mimicking pneumonia and many other diseases. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Google teachable machine, a deep neural network-based image classification tool, to d...

ISLE: An Intelligent Streaming Framework for High-Throughput AI Inference in Medical Imaging.

Journal of imaging informatics in medicine
As the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in radiology grows, the increase in demand for greater bandwidth and computational resources can lead to greater infrastructural costs for healthcare providers and AI vendors. To that end, we de...

A retrospective study of deep learning generalization across two centers and multiple models of X-ray devices using COVID-19 chest-X rays.

Scientific reports
Generalization of deep learning (DL) algorithms is critical for the secure implementation of computer-aided diagnosis systems in clinical practice. However, broad generalization remains to be a challenge in machine learning. This research aims to ide...

Enhancing semantic segmentation in chest X-ray images through image preprocessing: ps-KDE for pixel-wise substitution by kernel density estimation.

PloS one
BACKGROUND: In medical imaging, the integration of deep-learning-based semantic segmentation algorithms with preprocessing techniques can reduce the need for human annotation and advance disease classification. Among established preprocessing techniq...

Development of a new prognostic model to predict pneumonia outcome using artificial intelligence-based chest radiograph results.

Scientific reports
This study aimed to develop a new simple and effective prognostic model using artificial intelligence (AI)-based chest radiograph (CXR) results to predict the outcomes of pneumonia. Patients aged > 18 years, admitted the treatment of pneumonia betwee...

Prospective Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence Triage of Incidental Pulmonary Emboli on Contrast-Enhanced CT Examinations of the Chest or Abdomen.

AJR. American journal of roentgenology
Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms improved detection of incidental pulmonary embolism (IPE) on contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) examinations in retrospective studies; however, prospective validation studies are lacking. The purpose of this study w...

AMFP-net: Adaptive multi-scale feature pyramid network for diagnosis of pneumoconiosis from chest X-ray images.

Artificial intelligence in medicine
Early detection of pneumoconiosis by routine health screening of workers in the mining industry is critical for preventing the progression of this incurable disease. Automated pneumoconiosis classification in chest X-ray images is challenging due to ...

Artificial intelligence-based radiographic extent analysis to predict tuberculosis treatment outcomes: a multicenter cohort study.

Scientific reports
Predicting outcomes in pulmonary tuberculosis is challenging despite effective treatments. This study aimed to identify factors influencing treatment success and culture conversion, focusing on artificial intelligence (AI)-based chest X-ray analysis ...

Robust Stochastic Neural Ensemble Learning With Noisy Labels for Thoracic Disease Classification.

IEEE transactions on medical imaging
Chest radiography is the most common radiology examination for thoracic disease diagnosis, such as pneumonia. A tremendous number of chest X-rays prompt data-driven deep learning models in constructing computer-aided diagnosis systems for thoracic di...