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History, 20th Century

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Galilean resonances: the role of experiment in Turing's construction of machine intelligence.

Annals of science
In 1950, Alan Turing proposed his iconic imitation game, calling it a 'test', an 'experiment', and the 'the only really satisfactory support' for his view that machines can think. Following Turing's rhetoric, the 'Turing test' has been widely receive...

How to Design a (Cybernetic) Revolution: Chileans Remember Salvador Allende's Techno-Utopian Project.

Technology and culture
The recent commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of the military coup led by General Augusto Pinochet offered an opportunity to explore unknown aspects of daily life before and during the dictatorship. This essay focuses on one particular exhibit...

Three Epochs of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care.

JAMA
IMPORTANCE: Interest in artificial intelligence (AI) has reached an all-time high, and health care leaders across the ecosystem are faced with questions about where, when, and how to deploy AI and how to understand its risks, problems, and possibilit...

A History of Artificial Intelligence.

Clinics in dermatology
The development of the computer and what is now known as artificial intelligence (AI) has evolved over more than two centuries in a long series of steps. The date of the invention of the first computer is estimated at 1822, when Charles Babbage (1791...

What have we learned about artificial intelligence from studying the brain?

Biological cybernetics
Neuroscience and artificial intelligence (AI) share a long, intertwined history. It has been argued that discoveries in neuroscience were (and continue to be) instrumental in driving the development of new AI technology. Scrutinizing these historical...

Responsible Development of Emerging Technologies: Extensions and Lessons From Nanotechnology for Worker Protection.

Journal of occupational and environmental medicine
OBJECTIVES: This paper identifies approaches to the responsible development of emerging technologies to secure worker safety and health.

Calculated Medicine: Seven Decades of Accelerating Growth.

The American journal of medicine
The field of Calculated Medicine has grown substantially over the last 7 decades. Comprised of objective, evidence-based medical decision tools, Calculated Medicine has broad application in medical practice, medical research, and health care manageme...

New technology, psychiatry, and the law: Panic, prudence, possibility.

International journal of law and psychiatry
Throughout human history, all new technology has been met with surprise, anxiety, panic, and - eventually - prudent adoption of certain aspects of specific technological advances. This pattern is evident in the histories of most technologies, ranging...