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History, Ancient

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Five thousand years of minimal access surgery: 3000BC to 1850: early instruments for viewing body cavities.

Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
Surgeons and their patients recognise that one of the major advances in surgical technique over the last 20 years has been the growth of minimal access surgery by means of laparoscopic and robotic approaches. Partnerships with industry have facilitat...

A Revised Model of Anatomically Modern Human Expansions Out of Africa through a Machine Learning Approximate Bayesian Computation Approach.

Genes
There is a wide consensus in considering Africa as the birthplace of anatomically modern humans (AMH), but the dispersal pattern and the main routes followed by our ancestors to colonize the world are still matters of debate. It is still an open ques...

Impacts of speciation and extinction measured by an evolutionary decay clock.

Nature
The hypothesis that destructive mass extinctions enable creative evolutionary radiations (creative destruction) is central to classic concepts of macroevolution. However, the relative impacts of extinction and radiation on the co-occurrence of specie...

Artificial intelligence based writer identification generates new evidence for the unknown scribes of the Dead Sea Scrolls exemplified by the Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa).

PloS one
The Dead Sea Scrolls are tangible evidence of the Bible's ancient scribal culture. This study takes an innovative approach to palaeography-the study of ancient handwriting-as a new entry point to access this scribal culture. One of the problems of pa...

Restoring and attributing ancient texts using deep neural networks.

Nature
Ancient history relies on disciplines such as epigraphy-the study of inscribed texts known as inscriptions-for evidence of the thought, language, society and history of past civilizations. However, over the centuries, many inscriptions have been dama...

A framework of evolutionary optimized convolutional neural network for classification of shang and chow dynasties bronze decorative patterns.

PloS one
As a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage, the aesthetic value of bronze artifacts from the Shang and Chow Dynasties has had a profound influence on Chinese traditional culture and art. To facilitate the digital preservation and protection of these Shang a...

A personal view on the history of toxins: From ancient times to artificial intelligence.

Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology
Bioactive substances found in plants, microorganisms and animals have fascinated mankind since time immemorial. This review will focus on the progress that has been made over the centuries and our growing insights. The developments relate to both the...

An open dataset for oracle bone character recognition and decipherment.

Scientific data
Oracle bone script, one of the earliest known forms of ancient Chinese writing, presents invaluable research materials for scholars studying the humanities and geography of the Shang Dynasty, dating back 3,000 years. The immense historical and cultur...

Understanding the spread of agriculture in the Western Mediterranean (6th-3rd millennia BC) with Machine Learning tools.

Nature communications
The first Neolithic farmers arrived in the Western Mediterranean area from the East. They established settlements in coastal areas and over time migrated to new environments, adapting to changing ecological and climatic conditions. While farming prac...