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Monte Carlo Method

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Bayesian deep learning-based H-MRS of the brain: Metabolite quantification with uncertainty estimation using Monte Carlo dropout.

Magnetic resonance in medicine
PURPOSE: To develop a Bayesian convolutional neural network (BCNN) with Monte Carlo dropout sampling for metabolite quantification with simultaneous uncertainty estimation in deep learning-based proton MRS of the brain.

Phase function estimation from a diffuse optical image via deep learning.

Physics in medicine and biology
The phase function is a key element of a light propagation model for Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, which is usually fitted with an analytic function with associated parameters. In recent years, machine learning methods were reported to estimate the pa...

Learning-based occupational x-ray scatter estimation.

Physics in medicine and biology
During x-ray-guided interventional procedures, the medical staff is exposed to scattered ionizing radiation caused by the patient. To increase the staff's awareness of the invisible radiation and monitor dose online, computational scatter estimation ...

A Hamiltonian Monte Carlo Method for Probabilistic Adversarial Attack and Learning.

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence
Although deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on multiple computer vision tasks, researches on adversarial learning have shown that deep models are vulnerable to adversarial examples, which are crafted by...

Uncertainty-aware skin cancer detection: The element of doubt.

Computers in biology and medicine
Artificial intelligence (AI)-based medical diagnosis has received huge attention due to its potential to improve and accelerate the decision-making process at the patient level in a range of healthcare settings. Despite the recent signs of progress i...

Virtual monoenergetic micro-CT imaging in mice with artificial intelligence.

Scientific reports
Micro cone-beam computed tomography (µCBCT) imaging is of utmost importance for carrying out extensive preclinical research in rodents. The imaging of animals is an essential step prior to preclinical precision irradiation, but also in the longitudin...

A feasibility study for in vivo treatment verification of IMRT using Monte Carlo dose calculation and deep learning-based modelling of EPID detector response.

Radiation oncology (London, England)
BACKGROUND: This paper describes the development of a predicted electronic portal imaging device (EPID) transmission image (TI) using Monte Carlo (MC) and deep learning (DL). The measured and predicted TI were compared for two-dimensional in vivo rad...

Using machine learning as a surrogate model for agent-based simulations.

PloS one
In this proof-of-concept work, we evaluate the performance of multiple machine-learning methods as surrogate models for use in the analysis of agent-based models (ABMs). Analysing agent-based modelling outputs can be challenging, as the relationships...

The emergence of a concept in shallow neural networks.

Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society
We consider restricted Boltzmann machine (RBMs) trained over an unstructured dataset made of blurred copies of definite but unavailable "archetypes" and we show that there exists a critical sample size beyond which the RBM can learn archetypes, namel...

Alpha particle microdosimetry calculations using a shallow neural network.

Physics in medicine and biology
A shallow neural network was trained to accurately calculate the microdosimetric parameters, 〈〉 and 〈〉 (the first and second moments of the single-event specific energy spectra, respectively) for use in alpha-particle microdosimetry calculations. The...