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Neuroimaging

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One Size Does Not Fit All: Methodological Considerations for Brain-Based Predictive Modeling in Psychiatry.

Biological psychiatry
Psychiatric illnesses are heterogeneous in nature. No illness manifests in the same way across individuals, and no two patients with a shared diagnosis exhibit identical symptom profiles. Over the last several decades, group-level analyses of in vivo...

Accelerated Synthetic MRI with Deep Learning-Based Reconstruction for Pediatric Neuroimaging.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Synthetic MR imaging is a time-efficient technique. However, its rather long scan time can be challenging for children. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical feasibility of accelerated synthetic MR imaging with deep learni...

Data augmentation with Mixup: Enhancing performance of a functional neuroimaging-based prognostic deep learning classifier in recent onset psychosis.

NeuroImage. Clinical
Although deep learning holds great promise as a prognostic tool in psychiatry, a limitation of the method is that it requires large training sample sizes to achieve replicable accuracy. This is problematic for fMRI datasets as they are typically smal...

Deep learning reconstruction in pediatric brain MRI: comparison of image quality with conventional T2-weighted MRI.

Neuroradiology
INTRODUCTION: Deep learning-based MRI reconstruction has recently been introduced to improve image quality. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of deep learning reconstruction in pediatric brain MRI.

An overview of deep learning techniques for epileptic seizures detection and prediction based on neuroimaging modalities: Methods, challenges, and future works.

Computers in biology and medicine
Epilepsy is a disorder of the brain denoted by frequent seizures. The symptoms of seizure include confusion, abnormal staring, and rapid, sudden, and uncontrollable hand movements. Epileptic seizure detection methods involve neurological exams, blood...

Deep Learning Classification of Treatment Response in Diabetic Painful Neuropathy: A Combined Machine Learning and Magnetic Resonance Neuroimaging Methodological Study.

Neuroinformatics
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been shown successfully to assess and stratify patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (pDPN). This supports the idea of using neuroimaging as a mechanism-based technique to individualise ...

Classification model with weighted regularization to improve the reproducibility of neuroimaging signature selection.

Statistics in medicine
Machine learning (ML) has been extensively applied in brain imaging studies to aid the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders and the selection of potential biomarkers. Due to the high dimensionality of imaging data and heterogeneous subtypes of psychiat...

Gumbel-Softmax based Neural Architecture Search for Hierarchical Brain Networks Decomposition.

Medical image analysis
Understanding the brain's functional architecture has been an important topic in the neuroimaging field. A variety of brain network modeling methods have been proposed. Recently, deep neural network-based methods have shown a great advantage in model...

Relation between Cortical Activation and Effort during Robot-Mediated Walking in Healthy People: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Neuroimaging Study (fNIRS).

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
Force and effort are important components of a motor task that can impact rehabilitation effectiveness. However, few studies have evaluated the impact of these factors on cortical activation during gait. The purpose of the study was to investigate th...

Towards the interpretability of deep learning models for multi-modal neuroimaging: Finding structural changes of the ageing brain.

NeuroImage
Brain-age (BA) estimates based on deep learning are increasingly used as neuroimaging biomarker for brain health; however, the underlying neural features have remained unclear. We combined ensembles of convolutional neural networks with Layer-wise Re...