Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology
Jan 14, 2026
The application of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in medical imaging is an emerging area of interest, particularly in the context of clinical decision-making. Here, we report on the overall performance (i.e., sensit...
Network neuroscience has proven essential for understanding the principles and mechanisms underlying complex brain (dys)function and cognition. In this context, whole-brain network modeling-also known as virtual brain modeling-combines computational ...
Brain age prediction based on anatomical MRI scans, as an essentially new measure in neuroimaging and aging research, provides a crucial marker for the early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases, cognitive health appraisal, and biological age pred...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The choroid plexus (ChP) plays a crucial role in maintaining brain health. Alzheimer disease (AD) pathologies may damage the ChP and accelerate neurodegeneration. Previous imaging studies have found overall increased ChP vo...
BACKGROUND: Machine learning shows great potential in science but struggles with complex, high-dimensional multi-omics data. PD progression is long, diagnosed mainly by clinical signs. This paper proposes a novel decision fusion method to improve the...
Biomedical physics & engineering express
Nov 19, 2025
Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly used in medical imaging for disease diagnosis, yet their vulnerability to adversarial attacks poses significant risks for clinical deployment. In this work, we systematically evaluate the suscepti...
BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease is a movement disorder featuring motor symptoms and cognitive decline, which can manifest as mild cognitive impairment. The incidence of mild cognitive impairment increases with disease progression, and Parkinson's dis...
Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous disorder with diverse clinical presentations and neuroanatomical alterations. Despite recent advances, we still lack a working hypothesis for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. One reason might be the heterogeneous...
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosed and subtyped solely based on clinical traits, which are prone to subjective judgment and lack of reliability. Also, the clinical subtyping does...
Data scarcity remains a major obstacle to the application of deep learning techniques in medical imaging, particularly for rare neurodegenerative diseases. This study investigates the use of denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs) to generat...
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