AIMC Topic: Photons

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Ultrafast neuromorphic photonic image processing with a VCSEL neuron.

Scientific reports Mar 22, 2022
The ever-increasing demand for artificial intelligence (AI) systems is underlining a significant requirement for new, AI-optimised hardware. Neuromorphic (brain-like) processors are one highly-promising solution, with photonic-enabled realizations re...
Artificial Intelligence Neurons Optics and Photonics Neural Networks, Computer Photons
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Artificial intelligence based deconvolving on megavoltage photon beam profiles for radiotherapy applications.

Physics in medicine and biology Mar 16, 2022
. The aim of this work is an AI based approach to reduce the volume effect of ionization chambers used to measure high energy photon beams in radiotherapy. In particular for profile measurements, the air-filled volume leads to an inaccurate measureme...
Radiation Oncology Artificial Intelligence Phantoms, Imaging Machine Learning Photons
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A Comprehensive Survey on Nanophotonic Neural Networks: Architectures, Training Methods, Optimization, and Activations Functions.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 18, 2022
In the last years, materializations of neuromorphic circuits based on nanophotonic arrangements have been proposed, which contain complete optical circuits, laser, photodetectors, photonic crystals, optical fibers, flat waveguides and other passive o...
Optics and Photonics Photons Neural Networks, Computer Algorithms Neurons
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Accelerated Learning in Wide-Band-Gap AlN Artificial Photonic Synaptic Devices: Impact on Suppressed Shallow Trap Level.

Nano letters Jul 30, 2021
Artificial synaptic platforms are promising for next-generation semiconductor computing devices; however, state-of-the-art optoelectronic approaches remain challenging, owing to their unstable charge trap states and limited integration. We demonstrat...
Photons Neural Networks, Computer Synapses
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Deep residual-convolutional neural networks for event positioning in a monolithic annular PET scanner.

Physics in medicine and biology Jul 12, 2021
PET scanners based on monolithic pieces of scintillator can potentially produce superior performance characteristics (high spatial resolution and detection sensitivity, for example) compared to conventional PET scanners. Consequently, we initiated de...
Positron-Emission Tomography Monte Carlo Method Photons Neural Networks, Computer Algorithms
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Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based Reconfigurable Biosensor Using Phase Change Material.

IEEE transactions on nanobioscience Jun 30, 2021
A reconfigurable biosensor with different spectral sensitivities could provide new opportunities to increase the label-free selectivity and sensitivity for biomolecules. Here, we propose and numerically demonstrate a phase change chalcogenide materia...
Optics and Photonics Refractometry Photons Artificial Intelligence Biosensing Techniques
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DeepBeam: a machine learning framework for tuning the primary electron beam of the PRIMO Monte Carlo software.

Radiation oncology (London, England) Jun 29, 2021
BACKGROUND: Any Monte Carlo simulation of dose delivery using medical accelerator-generated megavolt photon beams begins by simulating electrons of the primary electron beam interacting with a target. Because the electron beam characteristics of any ...
Monte Carlo Method Phantoms, Imaging Photons Electrons Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted Radiotherapy Dosage Particle Accelerators Machine Learning Software Computer Simulation Models, Statistical Regression Analysis Principal Component Analysis Humans
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Collective and synchronous dynamics of photonic spiking neurons.

Nature communications Apr 23, 2021
Nonlinear dynamics of spiking neural networks have recently attracted much interest as an approach to understand possible information processing in the brain and apply it to artificial intelligence. Since information can be processed by collective sp...
Nonlinear Dynamics Photons Humans Action Potentials Neural Networks, Computer Neurons Algorithms Computer Simulation Animals Models, Neurological
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Functional parcellation of mouse visual cortex using statistical techniques reveals response-dependent clustering of cortical processing areas.

PLoS computational biology Feb 4, 2021
The visual cortex of the mouse brain can be divided into ten or more areas that each contain complete or partial retinotopic maps of the contralateral visual field. It is generally assumed that these areas represent discrete processing regions. In co...
Models, Statistical Brain Mapping Retina Neurons Visual Fields Mice, Transgenic Male Mice Photons Cluster Analysis Machine Learning Normal Distribution Visual Pathways Female Photic Stimulation Brain Prosencephalon Animals Visual Cortex
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Directed Evolution of a Selective and Sensitive Serotonin Sensor via Machine Learning.

Cell Dec 16, 2020
Serotonin plays a central role in cognition and is the target of most pharmaceuticals for psychiatric disorders. Existing drugs have limited efficacy; creation of improved versions will require better understanding of serotonergic circuitry, which ha...
Behavior, Animal Binding Sites Directed Molecular Evolution Sleep Protein Binding Algorithms Linear Models Humans Kinetics Mice Brain HEK293 Cells Machine Learning Mice, Inbred C57BL Amino Acid Sequence Animals Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins Wakefulness Serotonin Photons Amygdala
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