AIMC Topic: Large Language Models

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Medical Feature Extraction From Clinical Examination Notes: Development and Evaluation of a Two-Phase Large Language Model Framework.

JMIR medical informatics
BACKGROUND: Medical feature extraction from clinical text is challenging because of limited data availability, variability in medical terminology, and the critical need for trustworthy outputs. Large language models (LLMs) offer promising capabilitie...

When AI models take the exam: large language models vs medical students on multiple-choice course exams.

Medical education online
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in healthcare and medical education, but their performance on institution-authored multiple-choice questions (MCQs), particularly with negative marking, remains unclear. To compare the examination pe...

Large language models versus classical machine learning performance in COVID-19 mortality prediction using high-dimensional tabular data.

Scientific reports
This study compared the performance of classical feature-based machine learning models (CMLs) and large language models (LLMs) in predicting COVID-19 mortality using high-dimensional tabular data from 9,134 patients across four hospitals. Seven CML m...

Simulating human well-being with large language models: Systematic validation and misestimation across 64,000 individuals from 64 countries.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Subjective well-being is central to economic, medical, and policy decision-making. We evaluate whether large language models (LLMs) can provide valid predictions of well-being across global populations. Using natural-language profiles from 64,000 ind...

Comparison of the information of generative artificial intelligence large language models and professional guidelines regarding nutritional advice for orthodontic patients.

BMC oral health
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the credibility of large language models (LLMs) compared to American Association of Orthodontists (AAO) and British Orthodontic Society (BOS) guides regarding nutritional guidelines for orthodontic patients.

Temporal structure of natural language processing in the human brain corresponds to layered hierarchy of large language models.

Nature communications
Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a framework for understanding language processing in the human brain. Unlike traditional models, LLMs represent words and context through layered numerical embeddings. Here, we demonstrate that LLMs' layer hierarchy...

Accurate prediction of protein-ATP binding sites based on a protein pretrained large language model and a fractional-order convolutional neural network.

Scientific reports
ATP, a high-energy phosphate compound also known as adenosine triphosphate, serves as a direct energy source for living organisms. Proteins, composed of amino acids, are fundamental macromolecules and essential building blocks of life. The interactio...

Evaluating Locally Run Large Language Models (Gemma 2, Mistral Nemo, and Llama 3) for Outpatient Otorhinolaryngology Care: Retrospective Study.

JMIR formative research
BACKGROUND: Large language models (LLMs) have great potential to improve and make the work of clinicians more efficient. Previous studies have mainly focused on web-based services, such as ChatGPT, often with simulated cases. For the processing of pe...

Benchmarking retrieval-augmented large language models in biomedical NLP: Application, robustness, and self-awareness.

Science advances
To reduce hallucinations in large language models (LLMs), retrieval-augmented LLMs (RALs) retrieve supporting knowledge from external databases. However, their performance on biomedical natural language processing (NLP) tasks remains underexplored. W...

Leveraging Large Language Models to Identify Engagement-Driving Features in Vaping-Related TikTok Videos: Cross-Sectional Study.

Journal of medical Internet research
BACKGROUND: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is prevalent in youth and young adults in the United States. TikTok (ByteDance), a popular social media platform among youth and young adults, has become a key avenue for disseminating e-cigarette-re...