Gastroenterology

Computer-Vision Approach to Triaging Patient-Submitted Photos of Intestinal Ostomies.

BACKGROUND: Surgeons and ostomy nurses receive a high volume of stoma photos from patients. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop and validate an automated and scalable artificial intelligence pipeline for identification and triage of patient-submitted intestinal ostomy photos. DESIGN: Retrospective derivation and validation study with stakeholder engagement to guide model design. Clinical teams ...

Clinical target volume radiomics from planning CT for pretreatment response prediction  in rectal cancer undergoing chemoradiotherapy.

PURPOSE: Response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in rectal cancer remains heterogeneous. This exploratory study evaluated whether radiomics features extracted from the clinical target volume (CTV) on pretreatment non-contrast radiotherapy planning CT could provide additional information for pretreatment prediction of poor treatment response. METHODS: This retrospective single-center study...

Precision Medicine for Anticoagulation Strategies in the Cath Lab: Part 2.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Intraprocedural anticoagulation during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains particularly challenging in high-risk and u...

Artificial intelligence assessment of endoscopic severity and extent: A machine learning approach to continuous evaluation of endoscopic inflammation in ulcerative colitis.

BACKGROUND: The endoscopy subscore is a therapeutic endpoint in ulcerative colitis trials but is limited by reader variability and inability to fully ...

Protective Effects of p-Coumaric Acid Against Lead-Induced Hepatic Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis: Integrated Molecular and Machine Learning-Based Analysis.

Lead (Pb) exposure is a major environmental health concern that induces hepatic injury through oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. This stu...

PAN4, an AI-designed host-directed immunomodulatory peptide, promotes PGRP-SC1a-associated intestinal immune homeostasis in Drosophila melanogaster.

We identify PAN4 (GAYTFKIRRK), an AI-designed host-directed immunomodulatory peptide, as a modulator of intestinal immune homeostasis in Drosophila me...

Spatial architecture of tertiary lymphoid structures represents an independent prognostic dimension in hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are associated with heterogeneous outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but whether thei...

X-DILiver: an ensemble learning framework for predicting drug-induced liver injury.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a primary cause of drug attrition, associated with over 1000 medications and accounting for 32% of marketed drugs ...

Development and validation of an interpretable machine learning model for predicting in-hospital mortality among critically ill patients with liver cirrhosis.

This study aimed to develop and validate an interpretable machine learning model for early prediction of in-hospital mortality in critically ill patie...

Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy on Postoperative Complications of Rectal Cancer: A Retrospective Study Integrating MRI Radiomics and Deep Learning.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) is standard for locally advanced rectal cancer but increases postoperative complication (POC) risks due to tissue...

Integrating multiple hematologic inflammatory indices into a principal component analysis-derived inflammatory burden score for coronary artery disease.

BACKGROUND: Complete blood count-derived inflammatory indices have been associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), but their substantial overlap m...

The VISION-AI Trial: protocol for a pragmatic randomized controlled non-inferiority trial comparing artificial intelligence-guided colonoscopy to pancolonic chromoendoscopy for neoplasia detection in adults with colorectal inflammatory bowel disease.

BACKGROUND: Current guidelines recommend pancolonic chromoendoscopy (pCE) over white light endoscopy (WLE) alone for colorectal neoplasia (CRN) detect...

Probiotics unveiled: bridging general health benefits to the era of precision medicine.

Probiotics have long been recognized for their broad interests in regulating the immune system and promoting gut health. Recently, they have become a ...

Artificial intelligence powered decoding of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite motility patterns.

Sporozoites (SPZ), the infective mosquito stage of Plasmodium falciparum malaria, are widely studied as therapeutic targets for antibodies either endo...

The illusion of competence: Evaluating the clinical reasoning of large language models in pediatric gastroenterology.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and clinical reasoning of three frontier large language models (LLMs) across standardized pediatric gas...

Noble Metal-Metal Oxide Nanohybrids as a High-Performance LDI-MS Matrix for Machine Learning-Driven Metabolic Diagnosis of Esophageal Cancer.

Esophageal cancer represents a global health challenge with a notably high incidence and poor prognosis, necessitating the development of rapid, nonin...

Artificial intelligence-assisted detection and optical differentiation of colorectal lesions in Lynch syndrome surveillance (CADLY2): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled superiority trial.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI)-based computer-aided detection (CADe) systems improve adenoma detection in average-risk colorectal cancer scr...

Human-artificial intelligence adaptation in colonoscopy: beyond deskilling and upskilling.

A machine learning approach to non-invasive prediction of hepatic decompensation in compensated advanced chronic liver disease: the CIRI model.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) is the gold standard for assessment of prognosis in compensated advanced chronic liver dise...

A Multimodal Deep Learning Model for Preoperative Prediction of Postoperative Complications in Gastric Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Clavien-Dindo (CD) grade ≥II complications occur in roughly one in five patients after curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer and indepen...