Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Rethinking aging biomarkers in HIV: from measures to meaning.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: People with HIV (PWH) on effective antiretroviral therapy continue to experience a disproportionate burden of age-related comorbidities and multimorbidity. This review explores HIV-associated aging as a systems-level dysregulation and loss of resilience and evaluates emerging biomarker strategies for capturing its biological and clinical heterogeneity. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent ev...

The VISION-AI Trial: protocol for a pragmatic randomized controlled non-inferiority trial comparing artificial intelligence-guided colonoscopy to pancolonic chromoendoscopy for neoplasia detection in adults with colorectal inflammatory bowel disease.

BACKGROUND: Current guidelines recommend pancolonic chromoendoscopy (pCE) over white light endoscopy (WLE) alone for colorectal neoplasia (CRN) detection in individuals with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, these techniques are poorly adopted due to technical and logistical limitations. Artificial intelligence-based computer-aided detection (CADe) is a promising new technology integrate...

Artificial intelligence-assisted detection and optical differentiation of colorectal lesions in Lynch syndrome surveillance (CADLY2): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled superiority trial.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI)-based computer-aided detection (CADe) systems improve adenoma detection in average-risk colorectal cancer scr...

Human-artificial intelligence adaptation in colonoscopy: beyond deskilling and upskilling.

An efficient framework for real-time colorectal polyp detection using local outlier factor-based preprocessing and YOLOv11n.

Timely and accurate detection of colorectal polyps plays an important role in the prevention and early diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Despite the adv...

Current and Novel Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Subtyping of Primary Aldosteronism.

Primary aldosteronism is a common and potentially curable cause of secondary hypertension, yet it remains substantially underdiagnosed. Current diagno...

Use of an AI Image Recognition-Based Smartphone App in Personalized Bowel Preparation Before Colonoscopy: Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Sufficient bowel preparation is critical for increasing the quality of colonoscopy. However, current bowel preparation guidelines have lim...

Infection risk in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with biologic and targeted synthetic DMARDs: prediction models and use of machine learning.

Infection risk is an important consideration during treatment decision-making in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), including at the initiation of biologics o...

Japan's contributions to hip joint preservation and reconstruction: from osteonecrosis and developmental dysplasia to precision arthroplasty.

PURPOSE: To review Japan's major contributions to hip joint preservation and reconstruction, spanning joint-preservingosteotomy, biomaterials innovati...

Toward disease-associated fecal microbiome signatures for domestic mammals.

Conserved fecal microbiome signatures of intestinal diseases across domestic mammals offer a non-invasive avenue to monitor animal health and advance ...

Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) for rheumatoid arthritis after failure of biologic or targeted synthetic therapy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

RATIONALE: After inadequate response to first-line biologic or targeted synthetic (b/ts) disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy in adult...

Artificial intelligence with mucosal exposure devices versus artificial intelligence alone in detection of colorectal adenomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Both artificial intelligence (AI) and mucosal exposure devices (MEDs) have been shown to improve adenoma detection rate and reduc...

A scoping review on emerging biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease: Towards precision medicine in diagnosis and therapeutic management.

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are chronic conditions presenting significant diagnostic and management challenges. Current invasive met...

Artificial Intelligence for Evidence Synthesis of Emerging Biologics to Improve Skeletal Health in Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by bone fragility and recurrent fractures. Emerging biologics demons...

Human gut flagellome profiling using FlaPro reveals TLR5-related phenotype-specific alterations in IBD.

Flagellin, the structural protein of bacterial flagella, activates the innate immune receptor Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5). However, the ability of dif...

Brain network correlates of fatigue, depression, and anxiety in patients with Crohn's Disease in different disease states.

BACKGROUND: Symptoms of fatigue, depression or anxiety are frequent in Crohn's Disease (CD) and may relate to disturbed brain-gut interactions. While ...

Using machine learning to discriminate non-classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency from polycystic ovary syndrome: an external validation study.

INTRODUCTION: Nonclassical 21-hydroxylase deficiency (NC21OHD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that is frequently misdiagnosed as polycystic ov...

A predictive tool incorporating frailty scores for perioperative risk assessment in patients with spinal metastasis: a national retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Surgical treatment for spinal metastases is associated with high perioperative risk due to tumor burden, neurologic compromise, and limite...

Scleral image analysis via artificial intelligence to evaluate inflammatory status in inflammatory bowel disease.

PURPOSE: Among the extraintestinal ocular manifestations of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), episcleritis is associated with the inflam...

Precision Transfusion Medicine in the Omics Era.

Transfusion medicine has practiced a form of precision medicine for decades through compatibility testing, infectious disease screening, component man...