Schizophrenia

First-episode psychosis and mood disorder onset in individuals with epilepsy.

BACKGROUND: Psychiatric disorders represent a major burden for patients with epilepsy (PwE). This study examined how demographic, epilepsy-related, and clinical risk factors contribute to the onset of mood and psychotic disorders in epilepsy. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort, we intersected a hospital structured database with results from direct text mining in all available documentation from...

Off-target effects of DREADD ligands revealed by an anesthesia emergence paradigm in mice.

Designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) enable reversible control of specific neural circuits, but the pharmacological neutrality of their ligands is increasingly questioned. Here, we introduce an anesthesia emergence paradigm to systematically assess the off-target effects of DREADD ligands in DREADD-naive mice. We show that intraperitoneal administration of clozapine...

Using smartphone-based assessment of social experience to predict relapse in first-episode psychosis.

Social-affective changes are early indicators of psychosis relapse, yet their dynamic and subjective nature makes them difficult to capture between ro...

Development and Clinical Evaluation of a Large Language Model-Based System for Generating Patient-Friendly Echocardiography Reports: Two-Stage Retrospective Validation and Prospective Survey Study.

BACKGROUND: Standard echocardiography reports use complex terminology, limiting patient comprehension and exacerbating preconsultation anxiety. Large ...

Guideline-anchored retrieval-augmented generation outperforms baseline and literature-only configurations in gynecologic oncology decision support: A pre-integration benchmark.

INTRODUCTION: Large language models (LLMs) are being studied as oncology decision-support tools but can produce inaccurate outputs. We compared LLM pe...

Performance Gaps and Optimization Strategies in Chinese Medical Large Language Models Based on MedBench: Evaluation Study.

BACKGROUND: The evaluation and improvement of medical large language models (LLMs) are critical for their real-world deployment, particularly in ensur...

Integrative multi-omics reveals MHC class II-mediated neuroinflammation and systemic metabolic dysregulation as transdiagnostic drivers in major brain disorders.

Psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, and neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),...

Generative large language models in the clinical management of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment.

BACKGROUND: Dementia affects over 55 million people worldwide. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) often precedes Alzheimer's disease (AD). Clinical manag...

A cross-sectional evaluation of Large Language Model answers to dental questions.

BACKGROUND: Patients increasingly turn to the Internet and, more recently, to Large Language Models (LLMs) to seek answers to dental questions. Howeve...

Baseline metabolic signature predicts cognitive improvement and longitudinal glycerophospholipid shifts track recovery in first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is a core yet treatment-resistant feature of schizophrenia (SZ), and reliable biomarkers predicting cognitive improve...

Predicting Psychiatric Readmission of Children and Adolescents Using Machine Learning.

INTRODUCTION: Recurrent psychiatric hospitalizations in youth are costly and burdensome to patients and families. While postdischarge planning rarely ...

Neurological roots of emotional ambivalence: from brain networks to clinical implications.

Introduction: Emotional ambivalence - the coexistence of conflicting positive and negative feelings toward the same object, event, or person - has bee...

HALO-GNN: hallucination-resistant temporal graph neural networks for dynamic community detection.

Temporal graph learning is inherently subject to illusory structural dynamics, which is a phenomenon in which transient noise and ephemeral perturbati...

Generative Artificial Intelligence Literacy Scale for Nurses: Development and Psychometric Evaluation.

BACKGROUND: Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) can automate time-intensive tasks and support clinical decision-making in care settings. Nurses...

Dissecting first-episode psychosis heterogeneity with clustering analyses: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: First episode psychosis (FEP) refers to a variable clinical presentation of the onset of psychotic symptoms and represents a key point i...

A response to: 'the hallucination of learning with generative artificial intelligence'.

FL-SDGIN: A federated graph learning approach for schizophrenia diagnosis integrating static and dynamic brain functional networks.

Recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have revealed connectivity abnormalities in brain networks of schizophrenia (SZ). Graph Neural Network...

Hippocampal subfield radiomics improves identification of in-hospital aggressive behavior in schizophrenia: an interpretable machine-learning study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate hippocampal subfield radiomics for identifying aggressive behavior in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia and to validate ...

Prediction modeling in transdiagnostic risk: results from the PROCAN study.

Identifying biomarkers for serious mental illnesses (SMI) has significant implications for early intervention and prevention. The current study uses m...

Digital Conversation Companions.

Advances in voice recognition and artificial intelligence (AI) could soon yield digital conversation companions-software that combines conversational ...