Surgery

Thoracic Surgery

Latest AI and machine learning research in thoracic surgery for healthcare professionals.

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"Slow Is Smooth, Smooth Is Fast": Artificial Intelligence-Driven Suturing Simulation for Cardiothoracic Surgical Training.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and evaluate a suturing simulator using Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven computer vision for objective, high-resolution assessment of technical performance in cardiothoracic surgery, applied to a novel 3D-printed simulator across different levels of surgical expertise. DESIGN: Prospective study using a novel 3D-printed suturing simulator with targets positioned at multiple...

Sep 4 2026 42696816

Comparison of Machine Learning-Based Reporting with Surgeon Reporting of Postoperative Complication in Cardiothoracic Morbidity and Mortality Conferences.

BACKGROUND: Traditional morbidity and mortality (M&M) conferences incompletely capture postoperative complications, potentially limiting quality improvement efforts. We developed and validated the Automated Surveillance of Postoperative Infectious and Non-Infectious Complications (ASPIN), a machine-learning system that estimates postoperative complication rates from electronic health record data, ...

Aug 27 2026 42657859
Deep Learning for Assessment of Cardiac Chamber Enlargement on Anteroposterior Chest Radiographs.

Purpose To develop a deep learning (DL) algorithm for identification of cardiac chamber enlargement (CCE) on anteroposterior chest radiographs using s...

Aug 1 2026 42390349
Computed tomography body composition-based prediction of postoperative quality of life in non-small cell lung cancer patients.

OBJECTIVES: This paper aims to design an explainable machine learning model capable of predicting postoperative quality of life in elderly NSCLC patie...

Jul 28 2026 42504441
Intraoperative spectral imaging versus ICG fluorescence for gastric conduit viability in esophagectomy.

BACKGROUND: Anastomotic leakage remains a critical complication following esophagectomy, occurring in 8-20% of patients. While indocyanine green fluor...

Jul 23 2026 42489882
AI-Assisted cardiomegaly screening via implicit morphological inference and human-in-the-loop validation.

Cardiomegaly screening via manual Cardiothoracic Ratio (CTR) measurement remains a clinical bottleneck, while contemporary deep learning solutions oft...

Jul 16 2026 42464493
Association and predictive value of preoperative high-sensitivity C-reactive protein for postoperative atrial fibrillation after video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy: a cohort study using the INSPIRE database.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common and serious complication following video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), which...

Jul 9 2026 42420856
Automatic recognition of anatomical structures and surgical phases in robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) using deep learning: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Curative treatment of resectable esophageal cancer comprises neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and esophagectomy. Robot-assisted minimally inv...

Jul 9 2026 42423778
Current progress and future directions of intraoperative frozen section for spread through air spaces in lung cancer.

Spread through air spaces (STAS) is a recently recognized pattern of invasion in lung cancer that is strongly linked to postoperative recurrence and p...

Jul 9 2026 42426429
Comparison Between Artificial Intelligence-Based Models and Traditional Risk Scores for Predicting Risks in Adult Cardiothoracic Surgery: A Systematic Review.

INTRODUCTION: Conventional risk scores like EuroSCORE II and Society of Thoracic Surgeons models, derived from logistic regression, may not fully repr...

Jun 17 2026 42308697
Simulation-based training in cardiovascular intervention and cardiac surgery: bridging skill, safety, and innovation.

The increasing complexity of cardiovascular procedures, regulatory constraints, and heightened patient safety requirements have necessitated a fundame...

Jun 16 2026 42301733
Fully Automated Quantification of Functional Small Airway Disease at Inspiratory and Expiratory Chest CT Using Deep Learning.

Purpose To evaluate the accuracy and time efficiency of a deep learning (DL)-based tool for automated quantification of functional small airway diseas...

Jun 1 2026 42206980
Recent Updates on Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration and Its Clinical Implications.

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is the standard minimally invasive modality for mediastinal staging in no...

May 26 2026 42186165
Artificial Intelligence-Driven Three-Dimensional Reconstruction System Reduced Unexpected Procedural Changes in Thoracic Surgery.

BACKGROUND: Although an artificial intelligence-driven three-dimensional reconstruction system (AI-3D) facilitates preoperative planning, its impact o...

May 14 2026 42135548
Automated quantification of interstitial lung abnormalities and emphysema on computed tomography: a predictive marker for postoperative pulmonary complications after esophagectomy.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), including pneumonia, acute lung injury, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, are common ...

May 13 2026 42126669
Canadian radiology: 2026 update.

Canadian radiology continues to produce scholarship that is technically sophisticated, clinically relevant, and increasingly attentive to the wider sy...

May 13 2026 42128713
A Novel, Interpretable Machine Learning Model Predicts Furosemide Dosing After Congenital Cardiac Surgery.

Fluid overload is common after neonatal congenital cardiac surgery (CCS) and is frequently managed with continuous furosemide infusions requiring iter...

May 7 2026 42095917
The Year in Electrophysiology: Selected Highlights From 2025.

This special article represents the eighth installment in an annual Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia series highlighting key advances...

May 1 2026 42215395
Deep-learning based quantitative evaluation of postoperative atelectasis following right upper lobectomy.

Existing methods of grading atelectasis are typically subjective and not scalable. We aimed to develop an automated, deep learning-based framework to ...

Apr 30 2026 42062447
MRI-based machine learning model to distinguish hippocampal sclerosis (HS) ILAE type 1 and no HS gliosis only in medial temporal lobe epilepsy.

PURPOSE: Despite recent advances in preoperative work-up of drug resistant medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), predicting post-surgical seizure and ...

Apr 21 2026 42054716
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