Nephrology

Association of blood urea nitrogen to high-density lipoprotein ratio with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with mildly reduced eGFR.

BACKGROUND: Patients with mild-to-moderate renal impairment face elevated cardiovascular risk, yet early detection tools remain limited. The Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolism (CKM) interplay underscores the need for integrated biomarkers. The Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) to High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio (BUN/HDL) was therefore evaluated for early risk stratification. METHODS: This c...

Heterogeneous effects of preoperative beta blockers on 30-day mortality after coronary artery bypass surgery.

BACKGROUND: The role of preoperative β-blocker therapy in patients with ventricular dysfunction undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: We aim to evaluate heterogeneous treatment effects of preoperative β-blocker therapy in patients with ventricular dysfunction undergoing CABG and to identify subgroups that may derive greater benefit from preoperative β-blocke...

Machine Learning Models for Predicting Response to Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage in Malignant Obstructive Jaundice: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) is a standard palliative intervention for malignant obstructive jaundice, yet 6...

Diagnostic Performance of Machine Learning for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Early and accurate diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its organ involvement is essential. Previous reviews of machine lea...

Enhancing short-term predictions of mortality risk for liver transplant candidates through random survival forests.

MELD-based scores do not fully account for systemic and metabolic risk in liver transplant candidates, with notable gaps for those with metabolic dysf...

Long-PVSUNet: A Longitudinal Deep Learning Framework for Count-Oriented Perivascular Space Segmentation in Brain MRI.

Enlarged perivascular spaces (ePVS) are small, sparse MRI-visible markers of cerebral small vessel disease and brain ageing. Their size, low contrast,...

Hierarchical contrastive learning from GP-recorded and eGFR labels for CKD staging.

Chronic kidney disease staging from longitudinal clinical records is challenging because routinely recorded GP stage labels are scarce, whereas rule-b...

Machine Learning-Based Subtype Classification of Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury and Differential Responses to Renal Replacement Therapy.

BackgroundSepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) is highly heterogeneous with controversial optimal renal replacement therapy (RRT) strategies...

Antimicrobial dosing in patients with renal dysfunction.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Many antimicrobials used in critically ill patients are predominantly eliminated by the kidneys. Optimizing dosing in this populati...

Unsupervised machine learning with Cluster Analysis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: insights in CV risk phenotypes from a multicentre Italian cohort.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients face increased cardiovascular (CV) risk, yet existing 10-year estimation tools often underperform. This study evalu...

SEVMALrisk: An Externally Validated Clinical Risk Score for Early Risk Stratification of Severe Imported Malaria.

BACKGROUND: Early recognition of severe imported malaria is essential because treatment decisions frequently need to be made before reliable parasite ...

Automatic Kidney Image Segmentation During Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy Using a Deep Learning Model Based on a Multiannotator Dataset: Model Development and Validation Study.

BACKGROUND: Augmented reality (AR) has emerged as a promising tool to enhance surgical precision during robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN), par...

Machine learning for the identification of mild to moderate EDTA contamination of serum samples.

Background K2EDTA contamination of serum samples is a preanalytical error that poses a risk to patient safety. Contamination is most frequently mild t...

The Ferroptosis-Immunity Axis in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Emerging Therapeutic Targets.

SIGNIFICANCE: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Its burden continues to increase despite advances...

Probing far-from-equilibrium dynamics of electrical double layers.

Electrified solid-liquid interfaces are central to energy and matter conversion in biological1 and electrochemical systems2-4, in which intense local ...

Association Between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and Cardiorenal Anemia Syndrome: Evidence From NHANES and Related-Phenotype Exploration in KNHANES.

Cardiorenal anemia syndrome (CRAS) links heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and anemia, but the role of diet-related inflammation remains unclear....

From assistant to collaborator: A systematic review of the evolution of artificial intelligence in end-stage renal disease care and management.

We aimed to systematically analyze the historical evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) management and propose a...

Integrated multi-omics analyses identify an RAS-SLC11A2-associated molecular framework linking iron metabolism with PCOS-related cardiometabolic risk.

INTRODUCTION: PCOS is a common endocrine disorder with elevated cardiometabolic risk, yet the role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-iron metaboli...

Annotation-efficient Semi-supervised and Active Learning for Breast Cancer Segmentation in DCE-MRI.

Accurate breast tumor segmentation in dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is vital for diagnosis and treatment planning. De...

New Evidence in Heart Failure: 2026 Update.

Heart failure (HF) remains a major cause of morbidity, mortality, impaired quality of life and healthcare expenditure worldwide. The global burden of ...