Pulmonology

Automated fetal magnetic resonance imaging lung segmentation for rapid lung volume estimation across diverse pulmonary hypoplasia phenotypes.

BACKGROUND: Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived lung volume measurements are used for prenatal risk stratification in conditions associated with pulmonary hypoplasia, but manual segmentation is time-intensive. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether automated fetal MRI lung segmentation enables rapid and reliable volumetric assessment across diverse pulmonary hypoplasia phenotypes. MATERIALS AND...

Pulmonary Cytology in Transformation.

BACKGROUND: Traditionally, pulmonary cytology has been used to diagnose and screen for a variety of respiratory diseases, including lung cancer. Owing to its rapid turnaround time compared with histological diagnosis, therapeutic decisions may occasionally need to be made based on cytological findings alone. In the era of precision medicine, however, biomarker assessment and molecular testing have...

Association between ePWV and delirium risk in icu sepsis patients: a retrospective analysis based on the MIMIC database and development of a predictive model.

BACKGROUND: Sepsis, frequently complicated by delirium with poor prognosis, is common in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Estimated Pulse Wave Velocity ...

Artificial Intelligence-Assisted MRI and CT-Based Diagnostic Anatomical Evaluation of Experimental Rat Disease Models.

Artificial intelligence (AI) emerged as the transformative technology in biomedical imaging to improve the accuracy, efficiency and reproducibility of...

Advanced hemodynamic monitoring of the patient with acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To provide a practical, physiology-driven framework for advanced hemodynamic monitoring in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) ...

Evaluation of artificial intelligence for pulmonary embolism detection on CTPA: A single-center retrospective study comparing AI, radiologists, and AI-assisted interpretation.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a life-threatening condition commonly diagnosed with computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA). Although artificial ...

Personalized Oxygen Saturation Targets Compared to the Oxygen Saturation Experienced in Care Among Mechanically Ventilated Adults.

RATIONALE: For critically ill adults receiving invasive mechanical ventilation, randomized trials have found no significant average treatment effect o...

A novel method for predicting tunnel blasting dust yield based on numerical inversion and WOA-DELM (Whale Optimization Algorithm-Deep Extreme Learning Machine) neural network.

Drilling and blasting during the construction of tunnels generate large amounts of dust. Accurately predicting dust yield helps to formulate effective...

Novel RT‒qPCR-based blood signatures for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Whole-blood gene expression has the potential to become an affordable alternative for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Through an immune-...

Reply: Artificial Intelligence in Respiratory Medicine: Epistemic Authority, Trust and Responsibility in Practice and in Training.

Risk Stratification of Incidental Pulmonary Nodules: A Fully Automated Approach to CT Imaging Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Incidental detection is the most common pathway through which pulmonary nodules are identified. With the advancement of navigational and r...

UPP1 as a Diagnostic Biomarker: Insights from Integrative Bioinformatics and Immune Infiltration Analyses in COPD.

COPD is a progressive respiratory disorder characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic inflammation, yet the role of N4-acetylcytidine ...

Technology fatigue, cognitive load, and clinician well-being in modern anesthesia practice.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Medical devices like physiologic monitors, anesthesia machines, and ventilators, are designed by biomedical engineers but used by c...

Combined Unipolar and Bipolar Voltage Mapping at Redo Ablation After Cryoballoon Pulmonary Vein Isolation: Associations With Subsequent Arrhythmia Recurrence.

Atomic-Scale Origin of the Cation Field Strength Dependence of Mechanical Properties in Divalent-Cation Aluminosilicate Glasses.

Aluminosilicate glasses are technologically important materials known for their high mechanical strength. However, the atomistic origins of their comp...

Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Analysis in Alveolar Ridge Preservation: A Narrative Review.

Alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) after tooth extraction depends on accurate three-dimensional bone assessment to optimize implant placement and prost...

Global Freshwater Resistomes Reveal Environmental Signatures Associated with the Burden of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health threat, yet the extent to which environmental resistomes reflect human disease burden remain...

Multimodal Brain Radiomics for Predicting Pathological Subtypes of Lung Cancer Brain Metastases: Impact of Imaging Modality, MRI Sequence, and Spatial Extent.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To develop and validate a brain imaging-based multimodal radiomics model for noninvasive prediction of pathological subtypes...

Free energy perturbation and machine learning-assisted identification of novel molecules for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis KasA protein: a fragment-based drug design approach.

KasA is an essential enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). It plays a critical role in synthesizing long-chain mycolic acids, the major componen...

Advances in New Approach Methodologies at FDA's Division of Applied Regulatory Science.

New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) represent a paradigm shift in drug development and regulatory science, offering human-relevant alternatives to tradi...