Addictions

Modifiable risk factors associated with increased retinal age gap in an Australian population.

Retinal age gap (RAG)-the difference between retina-predicted age and chronological age-indicates biological ageing that has been linked to the risk of mortality and chronic disease. We aimed to identify risk factors associated with higher RAG in an Australian population. This cross-sectional study included 5107 participants from the Busselton Healthy Ageing Study (BHAS), a Western Australian comm...

Smartphone addiction and temporomandibular disorders among university students: A machine learning based multiple regression analysis study.

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) involve complex interactions among behavioral and musculoskeletal factors, and machine learning (ML) has increasingly been used to model these multidimensional relationships. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between smartphone addiction and TMD symptoms by evaluating the possible contributions of clinical variables such as head posture, cervical dy...

Random forest models accurately classify synthetic opioids using high-dimensionality mass spectrometry datasets.

Detection of novel threat agents presents several challenges, a principle one being the development of untargeted methods to screen an increasing numb...

Neural Network-Based Detection of Adulterants in Opioid Samples Using IR Absorption Spectroscopy.

Community-based drug checking services are challenged in their ability to reliably detect low concentration adulterants that are increasingly present ...

Neurophysiological signatures of rumination's impact on opioid withdrawal severity.

Opioid withdrawal symptoms (OWS) represent a major clinical challenge during abstinence, imposing physiological distress and increasing psychological ...

Common factors and unique pathways for linkages between HIV/STI prevention and syndemic behaviours in high-risk youth: protocol for a secondary analysis of harmonised data from six clinical trials.

INTRODUCTION: HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention interventions are only modestly successful among youth, particularly for young peopl...

Evaluation of the level of responsibility in pedestrian crashes using machine learning algorithms.

Traffic crashes involving pedestrians tend to result in the most casualties (minor, serious, or fatal). Therefore, accurately determining the level of...

Using artificial intelligence to identify drowning risk and protective factors present in media reports in metropolitan Houston, Texas.

BACKGROUND: Natural language processing (NLP) can process unstructured text to provide information on injuries but has not been used for drowning. We ...

Non-suicidal self-injury in middle school students: Influencing factors and a risk prediction model.

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is becoming increasingly prevalent and harmful among adolescents, yet its intrinsic mechanism and early identification...

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) for Evaluating Regulatory Compliance of Drug Information and Clinical Trial Protocols.

The purpose was to evaluate retrieval-augmented generative (RAG) artificial intelligence (AI) methods for assessing the regulatory compliance of drug ...

Alcohol Policies in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations Region-Challenges, Opportunities and Moving Forward.

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region saw an increase in alcohol-attributable deaths attributed to the rise in consumption over th...

A Deep Learning Model for Absolute Risk Prediction of Alcohol Use Disorder in Adolescents and Young Adults.

INTRODUCTION: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a major public health concern worldwide, with alcohol use during adolescence often leading to AUD in adult...

Leveraging Machine Learning to Understand the Link Between School Climate and Youth Substance Use: a Focus on Cannabis and Alcohol Use.

This paper focuses on school climate indicators, which have been previously linked with aspects of students' well-being and school-related success, to...

Simulating quadrupolar NMR dynamics in solid electrolyte Li10GeP2S12.

Quadrupolar solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an excellent tool to trace lithium (Li) ion diffusion in solid electrolytes d...

LLMs show bias in opioid prescribing.

Machine learning models to detect opioid misuse in emergency department patients at triage.

OBJECTIVE: Emergency department (ED) encounters represent valuable opportunities to initiate evidence-based treatments for patients with opioid misuse...

Computer-Aided Detection-Assisted Colonoscopy Teaches Gaze to Improve Adenoma Detection in First-Year Gastroenterology Fellows.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The impact of computer-aided detection (CADe)-assisted colonoscopy on gastroenterology fellow trainees remains incompletely defin...

Predicting the Course of High-Impact Chronic Pain Using Machine Learning Algorithms.

High-impact chronic pain (HICP) affects over 17 million U.S. adults and follows highly variable courses. To date, the relative importance of biopsycho...

Evaluation of Generative Artificial Intelligence Safeguards Against the Creation of Images and Videos Harmful to Public Health.

OBJECTIVES: As generative artificial intelligence (AI) continues to advance, an environment that lacks strong safeguards could create opportunities fo...

Dissecting burden of alcoholic cardiomyopathy: age-period-cohort analysis from the global burden of disease study 2019.

BACKGROUND: Alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, characterized by ventricular dilation and impai...