Addictions

Binomial Logistic Regression and Artificial Neural Network Methods to Classify Opioid-Dependent Subjects and Control Group Using Quantitative EEG Power Measures.

Logistic regression (LR) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) are widely referred approaches in medical data classification studies. LR, a statistical fitting model, is suggested in medical problems because of its well-established methodology and coefficients contributing to the evaluation of clinical interpretations. ANNs are graphical models structured with node networks interconnected with arc...

Support vector machine-based multivariate pattern classification of methamphetamine dependence using arterial spin labeling.

Arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging has been widely applied to identify cerebral blood flow (CBF) abnormalities in a number of brain disorders. To evaluate its significance in detecting methamphetamine (MA) dependence, this study used a multivariate pattern classification algorithm, ie, a support vector machine (SVM), to construct classifiers for discriminating MA-dependent sub...

Sex Differences in Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ Peptide Receptor-Mediated Pain and Anxiety Symptoms in a Preclinical Model of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder.

Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is a neuropeptide that modulates pain transmission, learning/memory, stress, anxiety, and fear responses via activation...

Antimicrobial Characteristics of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Homemade Fermented Foods.

. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from fermented foods, such as glutinous rice dough, corn noodle, chili sauce, potherb mustard pickles, and ...

Machine-learning prediction of adolescent alcohol use: a cross-study, cross-cultural validation.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The experience of alcohol use among adolescents is complex, with international differences in age of purchase and individual diff...

Quantitative analysis of desomorphine in blood and urine using solid phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Desomorphine, a semi-synthetic opioid, is a component of the street drug Krokodil. Despite continued reports of Krokodil use, confirmation via toxicol...

Application of Machine Learning Methods to Predict Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFL) Patients.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. NAFLD patients have excessive liver fat (steatosis)...

Methodological Advances in the Study of Hidden Variables: A Demonstration on Clinical Alcohol Use Disorder Data.

Research in the domain of psychopathology has been hindered by hidden variables-variables that are important to understanding and treating psychopatho...

Novel electrochemical sensing platform based on a nanocomposite of PVA/PVP/RGO applied to IgG anti- Toxoplasma gondii antibodies quantitation.

This article describes the development of a new electrochemical platform composed by a polymer mixture and graphene oxide (GO). The working electrode ...

Forecasting the spatiotemporal variability of soil CO emissions in sugarcane areas in southeastern Brazil using artificial neural networks.

Carbon dioxide (CO) is considered one of the main greenhouse effect gases and contributes significantly to global climate change. In Brazil, the agric...

Ultrasound-Guided Continuous Thoracic Erector Spinae Plane Block Within an Enhanced Recovery Program Is Associated with Decreased Opioid Consumption and Improved Patient Postoperative Rehabilitation After Open Cardiac Surgery-A Patient-Matched, Controlled Before-and-After Study.

OBJECTIVES: Open cardiac surgery may cause severe postoperative pain. The authors hypothesized that patients receiving a bundle of care using continuo...

In-syringe extraction using compressible and self-recoverable, amphiphilic graphene aerogel as sorbent for determination of phenols.

Graphene aerogels (GAs) have demonstrated great promise as sorbent materials. However, the intrinsically hydrophobic GAs are unsuitable for extraction...

Machine Learning Distinguishes with High Accuracy between Pan-Assay Interference Compounds That Are Promiscuous or Represent Dark Chemical Matter.

Assay interference compounds give rise to false-positives and cause substantial problems in medicinal chemistry. Nearly 500 compound classes have been...

Multiple Human-Behaviour Indicators for Predicting Lung Cancer Mortality with Support Vector Machine.

Lung cancer is still one of the most common causes of death around the world, while there is overwhelming evidence that the environment and lifestyle ...

A computational strategy for finding novel targets and therapeutic compounds for opioid dependence.

Opioids are widely used for treating different types of pains, but overuse and abuse of prescription opioids have led to opioid epidemic in the United...

Antibacterial efficacy of handrubbing for 15 versus 30 seconds: EN 1500-based randomized experimental study with different loads of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

OBJECTIVES: Compliance with the World Health Organization 'how to handrub' action is suboptimal. Simplifying the hand-hygiene action may improve pract...

Identifying substance use risk based on deep neural networks and Instagram social media data.

Social media may provide new insight into our understanding of substance use and addiction. In this study, we developed a deep-learning method to auto...

The Elephant in the Room: Outbreak of Carfentanil Deaths in Minnesota and the Importance of Multiagency Collaboration.

Over a three-month period in early 2017, the Hennepin County Medical Examiner's Office investigated nine apparent opioid toxicity deaths that occurred...

A deep convolutional neural network approach for astrocyte detection.

Astrocytes are involved in various brain pathologies including trauma, stroke, neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease...

Consumption of illegal home-made alcohol in Malawi: A neglected public health threat.

This study assessed the ethanol and methanol contents of homemade spirit (Kachasu) sold in Blantyre, Malawi. The likelihood of ethanol and methanol to...