Allergy & Immunology

Understanding the Relationship Between Germ Layer Origin and Cancer Therapy Response: A Systematic Review

Cancer therapeutic response patterns may be fundamentally influenced by embryonic germ layer origin. Emerging evidence suggests mesoderm-derived malignancies exhibit exceptional responsiveness to cellular immunotherapy, endoderm-derived epithelial cancers demonstrate marked sensitivity to protein signaling inhibitors, and ectoderm-derived tumors show heightened immunogenicity enabling breakthrough...

Metformin use is associated with lower mortality from bacterial sepsis and improved immunocompetence in Thai diabetes patients with acute melioidosis

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor for acquiring infections. Metformin, the first-line treatment for type 2 DM, is associated with beneficial outcome from various infectious diseases. The neglected tropical disease melioidosis has up to 50% in-hospital mortality rate and the highest risk association of DM with any infectious disease (12-fold increased risk). A better understanding of th...

Dynamic Lymphocyte Recovery Patterns Predict 90-Day Mortality in Sepsis: A Machine Learning-Enhanced Analysis of the MIMIC-IV Cohort

Sepsis-induced immunosuppression, characterized by lymphopenia, is associated with adverse outcomes. We aimed to identify distinct lymphocyte recovery...

Scaling genetic discovery for organ volumes using machine learning-assisted imputation and bias-corrected GWAS

MRI-derived organ and tissue volumes are powerful endophenotypes for studying complex disease, but their availability is limited by cost and throughpu...

The Cleaning Simulation: Applying Predictive Decision Trees for Chemical Exposure Risks and Asthma-Like Symptoms in Laboratory Workers

Exposure to chemical irritants in laboratory and medical environments poses significant health risks to workers, particularly in relation to asthma-li...

A three-dose MVA-BN mpox vaccination series improves the quality of anti-monkeypox virus immunity

The 2022 global outbreak of clade IIb mpox represented a turning point in public health’s handling of poxviruses. The primary vaccine available for pr...

Generalizable AI predicts immunotherapy outcomes across cancers and treatments

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have become standard care across many cancers, but most patients do not respond. Predicting response remains challenging ...

Development and evaluation of a multivariate prediction model for diagnosing asthma in patients with clinically suspected asthma using capnography

Diagnosis of asthma in primary care is challenged by a multistep pathway with variable adherence leading to significant misdiagnosis, late diagnosis a...

Classifying and visualizing medication use in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study

Medication use during adolescence provides important insight into current health and treatment patterns. However, these data are often difficult to an...

Non-invasive epidermal proteomics and machine learning permits molecular subclassification of psoriasis and eczematous dermatitis

Current approaches to selecting molecularly targeted therapies (biologics and oral small molecules) for immune-mediated skin diseases largely overlook...

Comparative Benchmarking of Five Contemporary Language Models on Clinical Reasoning

The rapid integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into healthcare raises critical questions regarding their safety and reliability. While models o...

Operational Survival Deficit of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Early-Stage Breast Cancer: A Target Trial Emulation and Causal Machine Learning Study

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is the standard of care for locally advanced breast cancer. However, the disconnect between efficacy in randomized tria...

Demographics, Overlap, and Latency of Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions in an FDA Database

Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs), including Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS-TEN), drug reaction with eosinophilia a...

A medically grounded LLM agent–based tool to detect patient safety events in medical records

Large language models (LLMs) have shown incredible promise in medicine. While LLMs may be particularly useful in areas requiring extensive review of c...

Integrative AI Model Combining Radiomics and Phenomics to Predict Survival in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Immunotherapy Containing Regimen

Immunotherapy has improved outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but only a subset of patients achieves durable survival benefit. Convention...

Estrogen upregulates NF-κB and TNF signaling in B cells to cause sex and age differences in antibody responses to seasonal influenza vaccination

Sex differences in the humoral immune responses to the seasonal quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) in young adults (YA; 18-49yo) or high dose QIV in...

HIV multidrug class resistance prediction with a time sliding anchor approach.

MOTIVATION: The emergence of multidrug class resistance (MDR) in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a rare but significant challenge in antiretrovi...

Identification of potential diagnostic markers and molecular mechanisms of asthma and ulcerative colitis based on bioinformatics and machine learning.

BACKGROUNDS: Asthma and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic inflammatory diseases linked through the "gut-lung axis," but their shared mechanisms rema...

Home spirometry telemonitoring in pediatric patients with asthma: a mixed study.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the feasibility and practicality of home spirometry telemonitoring for pediatric patients with asthma, including both motivato...

Deciphering mitochondrial dysfunction in keratoconus: Insights into ACSL4 from machine learning-based bulk and single-cell transcriptome analyses and experimental validation.

Keratoconus (KC) is a prevalent ectatic corneal disease and the leading cause of corneal transplantation globally. Despite evidence of mitochondrial a...