Anesthesiology

Latest AI and machine learning research in anesthesiology for healthcare professionals.

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Large Language Model Embeddings of Surgical Procedural Names for Confounding Adjustment in Perioperative Observational Studies

Background: Perioperative observational studies are increasingly used to evaluate anesthesia practices that are difficult to test in randomized trials, but treatment selection is influenced by surgical procedure type. Scalable and robust methods are needed to adjust for procedure-level confounding across heterogeneous surgical cohorts. Methods: We developed and assessed the utility of a surgical-n...

State-dependent aperiodic EEG dynamics track cortical network reorganization in chronic epilepsy

Aperiodic (1/f-like) EEG activity has rapidly become a popular noninvasive marker of cortical network state, proposed to index excitation-inhibition (E/I) balance and increasingly applied across neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, whether this approach remains reliable in the pathological brain, where disease progressively reorganizes neural networks, alters signal morphology, and dri...

A Domain-Structured Ensemble Framework for Perioperative Outcome Prediction Using Electronic Health Record Data

Perioperative risk prediction models are often limited by narrow surgical populations, incomplete intraoperative data, poor calibration, and limited i...

Aug 9 2026 2608.08920v1
LabGrymace: Automated Analysis of Mouse Grimace for Quantitative Assessment of Pain Dynamics

Accurate assessment of pain in animal models is essential for understanding pain mechanisms, developing analgesics, and ensuring animal welfare. The M...

Disruption of interareal control during propofol anesthesia

Anesthetic-induced unconsciousness may arise partly from a change in how brain areas can manipulate each other's activity. To quantify this change, we...

Automated Thoracic Body Composition Analysis on Computed Tomography Is Associated With Ventilator Liberation in Acute Respiratory Failure

BACKGROUND: Liberation from invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is a central therapeutic objective in acute respiratory failure (ARF). While lung-pr...

What Is Missing in Surgical Risk Stratification and Outcome Prediction: A Scoping Review of End-to-End Machine Learning Approaches

Postoperative adverse events, including mortality and morbidity, remain a major global burden, many of which are preventable through early identificat...

Jul 31 2026 2607.29090v1
Opioid- and NMDA-receptor-dependent neural plasticity mediates long-term analgesia from motor cortical stimulation

Exogenous opioids that activate mu-opioid receptors (MORs) in nociceptive circuits mediate transient pain relief lasting minutes to hours but have mor...

Effects of gabapentin on ongoing behaviors displayed by mice with chemotherapy neuropathy

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common and painful side effect of paclitaxel (PTX) treatment. The most common measures of painf...

Computer-Vision Procedural Telemetry for Airway Guidance: A Public 30-Run Manikin Evidence-Package Audit

Background: Computer vision-enabled airway workflows can turn airway video into timestamped model-observation fields, but later blinded review and tra...

Evaluation of EEG Foundation Models for Event-Based Burst-Suppression Detection in ICU

Burst suppression (BS) is a clinically relevant electroencephalographic (EEG) pattern used to monitor sedation depth and brain activity in critically ...

Jun 18 2026 2606.20074v1
Identification of Direct and Network-Mediated Activation of Retinal Ganglion Cells from Visually Evoked Potentials Using Machine Learning

Objective. To preserve the encoding of visual information in prosthetic vision as close to natural as possible, subretinal photovoltaic implants, whic...

The Critical Role of Model Selection in Causal Inference: A Comparative Analysis of Classification Models within the InferBERT Framework for Pharmacovigilance

Distinguishing causal adverse drug events (ADEs) from spurious correlations remains a central challenge in pharmacovigilance. The InferBERT framework ...

Jun 15 2026 2606.17113v1
A Real-Time Automated Deep Learning Workflow for Non-invasive High-Magnification Imaging of C. elegans

Caenorhabditis elegans is a premier model organism for aging and neurobiology research, valued for its short lifespan, optical transparency, genetic t...

Personalized Brain-Based Analgesia Detection with Portable fNIRS and AI

Neuroimaging based pain decoding faces two underappreciated challenges: between subject variability that prevents classifiers from generalizing across...

Language-dependent diagnostic safety of medical AI systems: a cross-lingual benchmarking and prospective clinical study

Background Patients worldwide receive healthcare in many languages, yet medical AI systems are validated almost exclusively in high-resource languages...

TouchMap-OR: Multi-View 3D Mapping of Hand-Surface Contacts

Hand-surface interactions between clinicians, patients, and medical equipment play a central role in pathogen transmission during medical procedures. ...

May 17 2026 2605.17638v1
A Real-time Scale-robust Network for Glottis Segmentation in Nasal Transnasal Intubation

Nasotracheal intubation (NTI) is a critical clinical procedure for establishing and maintaining patient airway patency. Machine-assisted NTI has emerg...

Apr 30 2026 2604.27383v1
Yawning reveals energy-dynamics mismatch and neural inertia across state transitions

Yawning is a highly conserved behavior, yet its neural dynamics across arousal state transitions remain poorly understood. Classical reflex models fai...

Silent numerical failures in large language model-generated pharmacokinetic simulation code: a benchmark against target-controlled infusion validation criteria using the Marsh propofol model

Background. Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used by clinicians to generate executable code for pharmacokinetic (PK) simulation. Whether ...

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