Anesthesiology

Advancing the prediction and understanding of placebo responses in chronic back pain using large language models

Placebo analgesia in chronic pain is a widely studied clinical phenomenon, where expectations about the effectiveness of a treatment can result in substantial pain relief when using an inert treatment agent. While placebos offer an opportunity for non-pharmacological treatment in chronic pain, not everyone demonstrates an analgesic response. Prior research has identified biopsychosocial factors th...

Variable pharmacokinetics of coagulation factor VIII in the perioperative settting complicates personalisation of treatment in patients with haemophilia A

Pharmacokinetic (PK)-guided dosing of factor concentrates in patients with haemophilia A is generally recommended for the optimisation of prophylactic treatment. PK-guided dosing can also be useful in the perioperative setting, where guidelines advise to keep factor VIII (FVIII) activity levels within tight target ranges to prevent bleeding. Previous studies suggest changes in FVIII PK following m...

Pose AI prediction of neurological status in the Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit

The neurological exam is pivotal in assessing patients with neurological conditions but has severe limitations: it can vary between examiners, it may ...

An AI-driven machine learning approach identifies risk factors associated with 30-day mortality following total aortic arch replacement combined with stent elephant implantation

During emergency surgery, patients with acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) experience unfavorable outcomes throughout their hospital stay. The com...

Post Induction Hypotension prediction during general anesthesia using Machine Learning Techniques

Intraoperative hypotension burden not equally distributed during various periods of a general anesthetic. Post-induction hypotension usually has an ia...

Deep learning clarifies association of osteoporosis risk with bone metastasis in premenopausal women after surgery for early-stage breast cancer: a multicenter retrospective cohort study

Adjuvant use of bone-modifying agents (BMAs) to early-stage breast cancer (eBC) aims to maintain bone density, leading to prevention of bone metastasi...

Artificial intelligence-enhanced Electrocardiography Score for Perioperative Risk Assessment in Non-cardiac Surgery

The role of electrocardiography (ECG) has been limited in the preoperative risk evaluation in noncardiac surgery due to its low prognostic value. Rece...

Beyond episodic early warning systems: a continuous clinical alert system for early detection of in-hospital deterioration

Efficient patient monitoring on the medical-surgical wards is crucial to prevent significant in-hospital adverse events. Standard episodic inpatient a...

Segmentation of clinical imagery for improved epidural stimulation to address spinal cord injury

Spinal cord injury (SCI) can severely impair motor and autonomic function, with long-term consequences for quality of life. Epidural stimulation has e...

Enhancing Privacy-Preserving Deployable Large Language Models for Perioperative Complication Detection: A Targeted Strategy with LoRA Fine-tuning

Perioperative complications represent a major global health concern affecting millions of surgical patients annually, yet manual detection methods suf...

Development of a pilot machine learning model to predict successful cure in critically ill patients with community-acquired pneumonia

Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a major cause of critical illness, yet there are no validated early clinical criteria to predict sho...

Justifying model complexity: evaluating transfer learning against classical models for intraoperative nociception monitoring under anesthesia

Accurate intraoperative detection of nociceptive events is essential for optimizing analgesic administration and improving postoperative outcomes. Whi...

Multimodal Deep Learning for ARDS Detection

Poor outcomes in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be alleviated with tools that support early diagnosis. Current machine learning method...

Risk Prediction Modelling of 30-day all-cause mortality following percutaneous coronary intervention in an Australian population: Leveraging Machine Learning

Pre-procedural risk prediction of 30-day all-cause mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) aids in clinical decision-making and bench...

Incidence, Outcomes and Risk Factors of Cardiac Arrest Among Surgical Patients in the UK Biobank: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Perioperative cardiac arrest (CA) is a devastating surgical complication, yet its epidemiology and risk factors across diverse surgical populations ar...

Clinical trials in depression: Integrated collection across EU and US registries

Depression affects millions worldwide with both pharmacological and psychological therapies widely applied, both with limited treatment success. Many ...

Enhancing Anterior Quadratus Lumborum Block Accuracy with Artificial Intelligence: A Segmentation Approach Evaluated by Dice Score Metrics

Anterior quadratus lumborum (QL) block is a regional anesthesia technique shown to provide both somatic and visceral pain relief by targeting lower th...

Arachnoiditis: Leveraging crowdsourcing and AI in a cross-sectional study of 1,105 cases to improve identification, understanding, and treatment

Arachnoiditis, a painful and potentially disabling neurological condition, results from persistent inflammation of the spinal cord pia-arachnoid membr...

Comparison of Time- and Frequency-Domain Methods for Assessing Brain Compliance in Brain-Injured Patients Monitored With Intraparenchymal Intracranial Pressure Sensors

Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is commonly used in neuro-intensive care, but its utility may be limited by a suboptimal use. The brain pressur...

Physician gestalt compared with AI model to predict intubation in critically ill patients

Intubation and mechanical ventilation are associated with high mortality. Accurately predicting which patients are at the highest risk of intubation c...