Cardiovascular

AI-assisted tumor board decision-making in pancreatic oncology.

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer requires nuanced, multidisciplinary treatment planning typically conducted within tumor boards. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown capabilities in medical reasoning, their ability to approximate complex, integrative decision-making in oncology remains underexplored. METHODS: This study evaluated the performance of LLaMA 3.3 (70b) in predicting tumor board d...

Contrasting roles of PD-L1 expression in tumor and stroma: Biological and prognostic implications in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) plays a central role in immune regulation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and has been widely used as a biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. However, the biological and clinical significance of PD-L1 expression remains controversial, partly due to its marked spatial heterogeneity and dynamic regulation within the tumor immune microenviro...

Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Spinal Metastases: Outcomes and Development of a Risk Assessment Score to Predict Local Tumor Progression.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has emerged as an effective treatment modality for spinal metastases. However, high-p...

Classification of histological types in ovarian cancer using deep learning.

BACKGROUND: Histological typing of carcinomas is crucial considering the varying progression, prognosis, and treatment efficacy. Clear cell and mucino...

A programmable matrix-robust plasmonic MetaRing biosensor for rapid SERS-based chemotherapeutic response profiling.

Rapid assessment of chemotherapeutic response is essential for precision oncology but remains hindered by tumor heterogeneity and complex biological m...

Second-line chemotherapy after gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel in metastatic pancreatic cancer: comparative outcomes and AI-guided treatment selection.

BACKGROUND: International guidelines recommend 5FU/LV, Nal-IRI + 5FU/LV, FOLFIRI, FOLFOX, or (m)FOLFIRINOX as second-line (2 L) chemotherapy for patie...

Antibody-drug conjugate design and mechanisms of action for cancer treatment: state of the art and beyond.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a leading area of targeted cancer therapeutics, typically combining a tumour-associated antigen-specific antibody ...

Detecting Distant Metastases in Prostate Cancer Using Whole-body MR Imaging Together with DWIBS (Diffusion-weighted Imaging with Background Body Signal Suppression).

Whole-body MRI (WB-MRI) has evolved over the past 2 decades as a noninvasive imaging technique for detecting distant metastases in prostate cancer. Si...

Explainable artificial intelligence for personalized prognosis in pancreatic cancer: A nationwide study from Taiwan.

Pancreatic cancer is highly aggressive with poor outcomes; current artificial intelligence (AI) prognostic models often lack interpretability and unde...

Effects of similarity networks in graph-based multi-omics classification.

Accurate classification of disease subtypes is a fundamental requirement of precision medicine especially for complex and heterogeneous conditions suc...

Veteran oropharyngeal cancer outcomes in the modern era: a multi-institutional retrospective analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To define oncologic outcomes in Veterans in the modern era using a multi-institutional cohort designed to support development and validatio...

Pretreatment Radiation Esophagitis Prediction Using Quantum Machine Learning in Patients With Esophageal Cancer.

PURPOSE: To introduce a hybrid quantum-classical machine learning approach and validate its feasibility and accuracy for pretreatment radiation-induce...

The role of clinical competency-based education in training in radiation science: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Clinical competency-based education (CBE) has emerged as a critical strategy to enhance workforce readiness in radiation sciences. Despite...

AI-enhanced precision: boosting pathologist confidence in HER2 ultra-low diagnosis through intelligent re-screening.

Accurate assessment of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) immunohistochemistry (IHC) expression, particularly the precise identification ...

Innovative integration of molecular docking and machine learning for drug discovery: from virtual screening to nanomolar inhibitors.

This review highlights our group's systematic approach to integrating molecular docking, pharmacophore modeling, and machine learning methodologies fo...

Minimally invasive spine surgery: current advantages, limitations, and future directions.

Minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS), supported by advancements in endoscopic systems, tubular retractors, lateral access corridors, image-guided n...

Comparison of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Among 18F-FDG Dual-Gated PET/CT, Single-Gated PET/MRI, and Cardiac MRI.

Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is a critical parameter in the evaluation of cardiac function, and its measurement can guide treatment decis...

Composite pathway-guided Cox modeling for interpretable survival prediction in breast cancer.

Accurate survival prediction in breast cancer is essential for patient risk stratification and personalized treatment planning. Although transcriptomi...

Predicting intrahepatic recurrence of colorectal cancer liver metastases after curative hepatectomy using a machine learning model with data integration of ultrasound radiomics and clinicopathological parameters.

OBJECTIVES: To develop and validate a machine learning model integrating ultrasound radiomics and clinicopathological parameters to predict intrahepat...

CT acquisition protocols in lung cancer screening: implications for guideline development from a worldwide survey.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the currently applied CT image acquisition protocols in lung cancer screening (LCS) and thereby fill a knowledge gap to support ...