Chemotherapy

Vision Transformers for Preoperative CT-Based Prediction of Histopathologic Chemotherapy Response Score in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma

Purpose. High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is characterized by pronounced biological and spatial heterogeneity and is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by delayed primary surgery is commonly employed in patients unsuitable for primary cytoreduction. The Chemotherapy Response Score (CRS) is a validated histopathological biomarker of respon...

Genome-Wide Variations of End Motif in Cell-Free DNA Fragments Distinguish Immunotherapy Responders from Non-Responders in Head and Neck Cancer: A Multi-Institute Prospective Study

Reliable, minimally invasive biomarkers for predicting immunotherapy response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remain an unmet clinical need. Here, using patients from a prospective, multi-institutional phase II clinical trial (NCT02641093), we performed whole genome sequencing of 185 plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) samples collected longitudinally from 68 patients with locally advanc...

Fully Automated Abstraction of Longitudinal Breast Oncology Records with Off-The-Shelf Large Language Models

Background: Manual chart abstraction is a major bottleneck in clinical research. In oncology, important outcomes such as disease recurrence and the tr...

Spatio-temporal mapping of immune cell dynamics during human sequential lymph node metastasis

Regional lymph node (LN) metastasis critically influences distant metastatic progression, anti-tumour immunity, and patient prognosis. While tumour-in...

Learning from Limited and Incomplete Data: A Multimodal Framework for Predicting Pathological Response in NSCLC

Major pathological response (pR) following neoadjuvant therapy is a clinically meaningful endpoint in non-small cell lung cancer, strongly associated ...

Deep Learning From Routine Histology Improves Risk Stratification for Biochemical Recurrence in Prostate Cancer

Accurate prediction of biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy is critical for guiding adjuvant treatment and surveillance decisions ...

CT4CMS: Preoperative Computed Tomography-Based Consensus Molecular Subtyping Prediction in Colorectal Cancer Using Interpretable Deep Learning

Consensus molecular subtyping (CMS) defines the transcriptomic taxonomy of colorectal cancer (CRC) and guides precision therapy. Although current appr...

Extracting patient reported cannabis use and reasons for use from electronic health records: a benchmarking study of large language models

Objective To develop and evaluate a scalable and reproducible natural language processing (NLP) approach using large language models (LLM), to identif...

Deep Learning Enabled 3D Multi-Omic Analysis Reveals Molecular Signatures of Heterogeneous Response to Chemotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer

Resistance to systemic therapy is a major unmet challenge in pancreatic cancer. To identify potential mechanisms of resistance, we developed a novel 3...

Transcriptomic profiling of mouse mammary tumors enables prognostic and predictive biomarker discovery for human breast cancers

The development and validation of prognostic and predictive biomarkers in breast cancer is limited by the availability of well-annotated datasets link...

Temporal dynamics of radiotherapy and chemotherapy response in lower-grade gliomas using causal machine learning

Lower-grade gliomas (World Health Organization [WHO] grades 2-3) exhibit variable treatment responses, yet clinical decisions remain guided by populat...

The MAMA-MIA Challenge: Advancing Generalizability and Fairness in Breast MRI Tumor Segmentation and Treatment Response Prediction

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy among women worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Dynamic contrast-enha...

Survival risk heterogeneity among patients with NSCLC receiving nivolumab visualized by risk scores generated from deep learning method DeepSurv using tumor gene mutations

Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors and immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy have represented promising treatments for NSCLC patients ...

Systematic Evaluation of Transfer Learning Strategies for Clinical Chemotherapy Response Prediction

Accurately predicting chemotherapy response remains a major challenge in precision oncology. Although machine-learning models based on tumour omics da...

Early Detection of Absurdity Signals in Pharmacovigilance: A Machine Learning Ensemble Approach to Identify Rare Adverse Drug Reactions

Background: Traditional pharmacovigilance methods based on biostatistical approaches systematically exclude outliers and rare events, potentially miss...

Deep Learning-Based Screening for POLE mutations on Histopathology Slides in Endometrial Cancer

POLE sequencing for somatic mutations (POLEmut) guides adjuvant therapy in endometrial cancer (EC), but cost and infrastructural considerations lead t...

Prediction of Mutations and Outcome in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors with Deep Learning: A Multicenter, Multinational Study

Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumor, driven by tyrosine-protein kinase KIT and pla...

A multimodal AI biomarker PATH-ORACLE improves prediction of recurrence in stage I lung adenocarcinoma

The standard treatment for stage I lung adenocarcinoma is surgical resection, in most cases without additional systemic adjuvant treatment. A signific...

Nab-paclitaxel fused with the de novo designed receptor binder exhibits enhanced tumor targeting and therapeutic efficacy

Chemotherapy has been widely used in cancer treatment, but most of the chemotherapeutic drugs rely mainly on passive accumulation due to lack of targe...

A neural network model delivers a highly prognostic protein signature in cancer stem cells that identifies relapse in stage III colorectal cancer patients.

Background Stage III colorectal cancer poses a significant threat of metastasis development, as tumour resection and adjuvant chemotherapy do not guar...