Clinical Trials

Convergences and divergences in nursing ethics across the European Union: A qualitative comparative analysis of national codes.

BACKGROUND: Nursing ethics guides practice, but European Union national codes were developed in diverse socio-legal contexts, generating heterogeneous emphases. PURPOSE: To compare European Union nursing codes of ethics, mapping convergences, divergences, and emerging ethical dimensions. METHODS: Qualitative documentary analysis with thematic content analysis examined 22 European Union member-stat...

Nanopesticides-rhizo-microbiome interactions: Biochemical mechanisms, ecotoxicological effects and implications for pesticide fate and transformation.

Nano-enabled pesticides (NanoPs) formulations have emerged as promising alternative to conventional pesticides by improving ingredient stability, delivery, and controlled release. However, their unique physicochemical properties also influence interactions with soil microorganisms, raising concerns regarding ecological safety and long-term impacts on soil ecosystem functions. This review has criti...

Performance, Safety, and Patient Experience of an Autonomous Robotic Phlebotomy Device: A Multicenter Trial.

BACKGROUND: Automated phlebotomy has the potential to improve patient outcomes and address phlebotomist workforce challenges. The Autonomous Blood Dra...

Evaluation Methods for Inference-Time Retrieval-Augmented and Graph Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models in Health Care: Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: Inference-time retrieval augmentation is increasingly used to improve the traceability and verifiability of large language model (LLM) app...

Accuracy and Readability of Generative Artificial Intelligence for Vascular Surgery Patients: A Specialist Based Evaluation Highlighting the Current Landscape of Safety Risks and Accessibility Gaps.

OBJECTIVE: Patients frequently seek health information and medical advice from chatbots instead of consulting their physicians or referring to credibl...

CHRNA5 orchestrates tumorigenesis and immune invasion through the CaMKII/AKT/NF-κB-CCL20 axis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

AIMS: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy characterized by poor prognosis, extensive perineural invasion (PNI), ...

A Multimodal Ultrasound Radiomics Model Integrating Contrast-Enhanced Phases: Retrospective Temporal Test Cohort Evaluation and Comparison with Sonographers for Cervical Lymph Node Characterization.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To develop a multimodal ultrasound radiomics model based on conventional ultrasound and three-phase contrast-enhanced ultras...

Place-based ecological restoration and self-rated health: Quasi-experimental evidence from China.

Large-scale ecological restoration is increasingly promoted as a strategy for environmental sustainability, but its implications for population health...

Physician-Supervised ChatGPT-Assisted Versus Physician-Led Informed Consent for Reducing Preoperative Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether ChatGPT-assisted informed consent (IC) is noninferior to conventional physician-led IC in reducing preoperative anxiety (...

Sociodemographic bias in large language model clinical trial screening.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether large language model (LLM)-based clinical trial screening judgments vary by patient sociodemographic characteristics. MAT...

Fine-tuning and evaluating large language models for patient safety tasks: classification of contributing factors in incident reports.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the performance of large language models (LLMs) in identifying contributing factors (CFs) underlying patient safety...

In Vivo Assessment of Placental Structure and Perfusion in Late-Gestation Pregnancies and Their Association With Fetal Growth.

Adequate placental structure and function are crucial for fetal growth, while placental dysfunction often leads to fetal growth restriction (FGR), ass...

A Pharmaco-Epidemiological Research Program Leveraging a Nationwide Database of Kidney Transplantation.

OBJECTIVES: The pharmaco-epidemiological research program in kidney transplantation (PERP-KT) aims to evaluate, for the principal maintenance immunosu...

Large Language Models for Individualized Psychoeducational Tools for Psychosis: A Cross-Sectional Study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the quality of GPT-4-generated responses to commonly asked psychosis-related psychoeducational questions from ...

Reference-Free large language model agents for physician-guided radiotherapy treatment planning.

BACKGROUND: Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated exceptional capabilities, offering the potential to streamline workflows and enhan...

From Small Data to Big Decisions: How Clinical Pharmacology Shapes Rare Disease Development.

Rare‑disease drug development is constrained by small and heterogeneous patient populations, limited natural‑history data, and the impracticality of l...

Ethical Risks and Governance Directions of Conversational Artificial Intelligence in Nursing Triage and Patient Education: Shared Foundations and Contextual Differences.

AIM: To provide an early-stage integrative synthesis of shared and scenario-specific ethical risks of Conversational Artificial Intelligence in nursin...

Bridging the AI chasm in oncology: a standardized platform to enable the in silico clinical validation of AI models within the CHAIMELEON Project.

OBJECTIVE: Artificial intelligence (AI) shows promise for improving cancer management, but clinical adoption is limited by the absence of standardized...

Perspectives of Individuals With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder on the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Therapy and Treatment: Thematic Qualitative Study.

BACKGROUND: AI has become increasingly used in mental health care for applications such as diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment support. These include...

Impact of Large Language Model-Based AI Tools on Physician-Patient Communication: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-3/4 have spurred the development of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots and ...