Clinical Trials

Stem Cell Therapy for Traumatic Brain Injury: Translational Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Clinical Trials.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of persistent cognitive, motor, and neuropsychiatric impairment, arising from both the initial mechanical insult and a prolonged cascade of secondary injury processes. While primary injury reflects structural damage, secondary mechanisms, including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and blood-brain barrier disruption, evolve over time an...

Performance of Zero-Shot Classifiers for Categorizing RCT Abstracts by Intervention Type: Validation Study.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence has gained relevance due to its potential to reduce the workload in evidence synthesis or bibliometric projects. While the main focus has been lately on the use of instruction-tuned large language models, zero-shot classification models have not been tested for such task. These models are large language models trained on large datasets of labeled data able to ca...

Evaluation of Five Large Language Models for Parental Education in Pediatric Anesthesia: Reliability and Readability Study.

BACKGROUND: Although large language models (LLMs) show potential for patient education, their accuracy, usability, and comprehensibility lack validati...

AMI-SSS01 portable phonocardiographic examination with AI-assisted assessment for detecting heart failure exacerbations in home-based medical care in Japanese primary care clinics: a study protocol for a randomised controlled feasibility trial.

INTRODUCTION: The global prevalence of heart failure continues to increase, particularly in ageing populations. Many older patients receiving home-bas...

Wearable sensor technology and machine learning for anterior cruciate ligament injury diagnosis: an exploratory feasibility study.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the feasibility of using wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs; small body-worn sensors that capture linear acceleration a...

[Reirradiation: A new therapeutic paradigm in oncology].

Reirradiation (reRT) has become an essential therapeutic option for selected patients with locoregional recurrences, when surgery or systemic therapie...

Effect of an electronic health record-integrated machine learning asthma risk marker on pediatrician prognostic accuracy during preschool age: a pilot randomized clinical trial.

Early identification of children at risk for persistent asthma is challenging because preschool respiratory symptoms are heterogeneous and often overl...

Integrating artificial intelligence into cancers of unknown primary diagnosis and treatment.

Cancers of unknown primary (CUP) refer to a highly heterogeneous group of metastatic tumors whose primary site remains undetectable despite comprehens...

Economic Evaluation of the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Stress Echocardiography: Cost-Consequence and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the economic impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-assisted stress echocardiography (SE) in the National Health Service (NHS) d...

Psychometric performance and student perceptions of AI- versus student-generated multiple-choice questions: a single-center randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Developing high-quality multiple-choice examinations in medical education is time- and resource-intensive. Large language models (LLMs) of...

Who may benefit from robot-assisted gait training with an exoskeleton in subacute stroke patients? A prespecified analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with the achievement of independent gait after the robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) with an exoskeletal w...

NegotiAge-An AI-Based Caregiver Negotiation Training: Results From the Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST) Trial.

BACKGROUND: Family caregivers experience conflicts in caring for people with Alzheimer's dementia (PWD; e.g., siblings disagreeing, advocating with pr...

Plasma proteomics improves thrombosis prediction in patients with cancer and identifies targetable IL-17-driven endothelial activation.

Thrombosis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. Existing risk models fail to reliably predict venous thromboembol...

Ethical Considerations in Personal Health Large Language Models.

Personal health large language models (PH-LLMs) have rapidly evolved from research prototypes into consumer-facing, data-linked systems that support s...

Towards autonomous medical artificial intelligence agents.

Large language models (LLMs) show great potential for clinical decision-making, yet most applications remain narrow, task-specific chat tools rather t...

Radiomics using contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging and clinical features for predicting response to EGFR-TKIs in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases.

OBJECTIVES: To construct and validate a model based on clinical characteristics and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics to predict 1-year effic...

Machine learning model based on clinical and imaging features for predicting fungal infections in children with leukemia.

BACKGROUND: Due to immunosuppression, mucosal barrier injury, and prolonged neutropenia resulting from both the disease and chemotherapy, along with t...

Proteomic and machine learning analysis predicts treatment response signatures in Myasthenia Gravis.

BACKGROUND: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a prototypical antibody-mediated autoimmune disease with variable treatment responses with a need for biomarkers...

Artificial intelligence in urology: A review of United States Food and Drug Administration-cleared devices.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically characterise United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorised urology-specific artificial intelligence (AI)-en...

A Novel Machine Learning Signature Incorporating Lipid and Inflammatory Biomarkers to Predict Pulsed Radiofrequency Efficacy in Zoster-Associated Pain.

INTRODUCTION: Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) is a pivotal neuromodulation strategy for zoster-associated pain (ZAP); however, clinical outcomes exhibit s...