Public Health & Policy

Clinical Trials

Latest AI and machine learning research in clinical trials for healthcare professionals.

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Optimizing the Clinical Application of Rheumatology Guidelines Using Large Language Models: A Retrieval-Augmented Generation Framework Integrating EULAR and ACR Recommendations

Timely access to current rheumatology guidelines at the point of care is challenging. We aimed to develop and evaluate the first Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system specifically designed for adult rheumatology, integrating European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) and American College of Rheumatology (ACR) guidelines to provide rheumatologists with timely, evidence-based r...

Deep Learning on Histopathological Images to Predict Breast Cancer Recurrence Risk and Chemotherapy Benefit

Genomic testing has transformed treatment decisions for hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative (HR+/HER2-) early breast cancer; however, it remains inaccessible to many patients worldwide due to high costs and logistical barriers. Here, we developed an artificial intelligence (AI) model using a multimodal deep learning approach that estimates Oncotype DX 21-gene recurrence scores (RS) from routi...

A Standard Framework for Converting Coronary Angiography Reports into Machine-Readable Format Using Large Language Models

Coronary angiography (CAG) reports contain many details about coronary anatomy, lesion characteristics, and interventional procedures. However, their ...

Machine Learning-Enabled EEG Biomarkers Predict Divergent Antidepressant and Placebo Response in a Clinical Trial of Major Depression

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous neuropsychiatric disorder with highly variable antidepressant outcomes. In randomized controlled tr...

Large Language Models for Supporting Clear Writing and Detecting Spin in Randomized Controlled Trials in Oncology

Accurate interpretation of randomized controlled trial (RCT) results is essential for guiding clinical practice in oncology. Reporting “spin” can misr...

ROC Analysis of Biomarker Combinations in Fragile X Syndrome-Specific Clinical Trials: Evaluating Treatment Efficacy via Exploratory Biomarkers

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a trinucleotide repeat expansion on the 5’ untranslated region of the FMR1 ge...

Developing artificial intelligence tools for institutional review board pre-review: A pilot study on ChatGPT’s accuracy and reproducibility

This pilot study is the first phase of a broader project aimed at developing an explainable artificial intelligence (AI) tool to support the ethical e...

Machine Learning Identifies Microbiome and Clinical Predictors of Sustained Weight Loss Following Prolonged Fasting

Prolonged fasting may benefit metabolic health, but data in healthy individuals remain limited. We performed a randomized, waitlist-controlled study (...

Target Trial Emulation Applications in Hypertension Research: A Scoping Review

Target Trial Emulation (TTE) has emerged as a rigorous framework for causal inference using observational data, but its application in hypertension re...

An interdisciplinary, randomized, single-blind evaluation of state-of-the-art large language models for their implications and risks in medical diagnosis and management

State-of-the-art (SOTA) large language models (LLMs) are poised to revolutionize clinical medicine by transforming diagnostic, therapeutic, and interd...

Exploring Healthcare Professionals’ Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence in Palliative Care: A Qualitative Study

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods in palliative care research is increasing. Most AI palliative care research involves the use of routin...

Mindfulness-Based Interventions using Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Review Protocol

Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have gained significant recognition as effective approaches for promoting mental health and well-being. With ra...

From Tool to Teammate: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Clinician-AI Collaborative Workflows for Diagnosis

Early studies of large language models (LLMs) in clinical settings have largely treated artificial intelligence (AI) as a tool rather than an active c...

Benchmarking Artificial Intelligence vs General Practitioners Decision-Making in Same-Day Appointments Triage: A Mixed-Methods Study in UK Primary Care

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used to support clinical decision-making, particularly in primary care triage. However, few studies have ...

Conversational AI in Therapy: Current Applications and Future Directions in Mental Health Support

This paper delivers a rigorous mixed-methods synthesis of conversational AI applications in mental health therapy, analyzing 47 randomized controlled ...

Early Warning Model for Patient Deterioration: A Machine Learning Approach for Nurse-Led Monitoring

The early recognition of clinical deterioration in hospital inpatients continues to be a major challenge in healthcare. In this work, we proposed an i...

AI-Driven Personalization of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Duration Post-PCI: A Novel Approach Balancing Ischemic and Bleeding Risks

Precision-guided dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) duration post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains a clinical challenge. Current risk st...

Prompt injection attacks on vision-language models for surgical decision support

Artificial Intelligence-driven analysis of laparoscopic video holds potential to increase the safety and precision of minimally invasive surgery. Visi...

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