Public Health & Policy

Clinical Trials

Latest AI and machine learning research in clinical trials for healthcare professionals.

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Epigenetic patient stratification reveals a sub-endotype of type 2 asthma with altered B-cell response

Despite biomarker-guided treatment strategies, clinical outcomes among patients with type 2 (T2)-high asthma remain heterogeneous, with some patients responding poorly to T2-targeted biologic therapies. We developed a contrastive machine learning method for patient stratification based on whole-blood DNA methylation (DNAm), applying it to pediatric asthma cohorts of Latino (discovery; n=1,016) and...

Protocol for update of food-based dietary guidelines for Czechia

Current Czech national food-based dietary guidelines are outdated and do not reflect the most recent scientific evidence, nor considerations of sustainability and equity. Building on the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 (NNR), this project aims to develop updated, evidence-based food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) for the Czech Republic. To systematically update the evidence on associations...

Machine Learning Assisted Differentiation of Low Acuity Patients at Dispatch (MADLAD): A Randomized Controlled Trial

Resource Constrained Situations (RCS) at Emergency Medical Dispatch centers where there are more patients requiring an ambulance than there are availa...

Machine Learning Versus Logistic Regression for Propensity Score Estimation: A Benchmark Trial Emulation Against the PARADIGM-HF Randomized Trial

Machine learning (ML) algorithms are increasingly used to estimate propensity score with expectation of improving causal inference. However, the valid...

Independent contributions of language activations in left and right temporal cortex to aphasia outcomes after stroke

Recovery from aphasia after stroke is thought to depend on functional reorganization of language processing in surviving brain regions. Many studies h...

Personalized AI Prompt Generator and ChatGPT for Weight Loss: Randomized Controlled Trial in Adults with Overweight and Obesity

The global prevalence of overweight and obesity continues escalating, driven by environmental factors and lifestyle behaviors leading to cardiovascula...

Automation Bias in Large Language Model Assisted Diagnostic Reasoning Among AI-Trained Physicians

Large language models (LLMs) show promise for improving clinical reasoning, but they also risk inducing automation bias, an over-reliance that can deg...

Candidate Correlates of Protection in the HVTN505 HIV-1 Vaccine Efficacy Trial Identified by Positive-Unlabeled Learning

With a goal of unveiling mechanisms by which vaccines can provide protection against HIV-1 acquisition, several studies have explored correlates of ri...

Factors influencing the trustworthiness of non-randomized studies of interventions: a survey of international experts

Perceived trustworthiness of research may be influenced by factors beyond the risk of bias, including study-related characteristics, research context,...

Evaluation of Easy-to-Implement Intervention for Menstrual Pain in a Series of N-of-1 Trials: Study Protocol of the Menstrual Pain Intervention Among Students Study (MPIS)

Dysmenorrhea, or menstrual pain, is a prevalent issue among female university students that negatively influences their productivity, academic perform...

Privacy-Enhancing Sequential Learning under Heterogeneous Selection Bias in Multi-Site EHR Data

To develop privacy-enhancing statistical methods for estimation of binary disease risk model association parameters across multiple electronic health ...

Development, System Design, Safety, and Performance Metrics of a Conversational Agent for Reducing Depressive and Anxious Symptoms Based on a Large Language Model: The MHAI Study

Conversational agents based on large language models (LLMs) have shown moderate efficacy in reducing depressive and anxiety symptoms. However, most ex...

Multimodal AI-driven Biomarker for Early Detection of Cancer Cachexia

Cancer cachexia, a multifactorial metabolic syndrome characterized by severe muscle wasting and weight loss, contributes to poor outcomes across vario...

A Systematic Process for Assessing Fitness-for-Purpose of Health Outcomes for Computable Phenotyping with Electronic Health Record Data

Information from electronic health records (EHRs) may be incorporated into computable phenotype algorithms in efforts to overcome inaccuracies of algo...

A randomized clinical trial reveals effects of mindfulness and slow breathing on plasma amyloid beta levels

Prior research suggests that meditation may slow brain aging and reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, we lack research systematically...

Neurocomputational evidence of sustained Self-Other mergence after psychedelics

Mental illness is often characterised by a maladaptive sense of self. The neurobiological basis of Self-Other distinction may provide targets for ther...

Benchmarking Large Language Models and Clinicians Using Locally Generated Primary Healthcare Vignettes in Kenya

Large language models (LLMs) show promise on healthcare tasks, yet most evaluations emphasize multiple-choice accuracy rather than open-ended reasonin...

Music-Induced Cortical Plasticity: Protocol for a Systematic Review

Music engages sensory, motor, cognitive, and emotional systems, making it a powerful model for studying experience-dependent neuroplasticity. Although...

Improving Surrogate Endpoints for Survival Prediction Through Integration of Patient-Reported Outcomes

Overall survival (OS) remains the gold standard for oncology drug approval, but measuring it requires long follow-up and is impractical in certain onc...

Predicting future cognitive impairment in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease using multimodal imaging: a multisite machine learning study

Predicting the likelihood of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia in at-risk individuals is important for the design of and optimal recruitmen...

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