Clinical Trials

Knowledge-to-Jailbreak: One Knowledge Point Worth One Attack

Large language models (LLMs) have been increasingly applied to various domains, which triggers increasing concerns about LLMs' safety on specialized domains, e.g. medicine. However, testing the domain-specific safety of LLMs is challenging due to the lack of domain knowledge-driven attacks in existing benchmarks. To bridge this gap, we propose a new task, knowledge-to-jailbreak, which aims to ge...

MLLMGuard: A Multi-dimensional Safety Evaluation Suite for Multimodal Large Language Models

Powered by remarkable advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities in manifold tasks. However, the practical application scenarios of MLLMs are intricate, exposing them to potential malicious instructions and thereby posing safety risks. While current benchmarks do incorporate certain safety considerations, they often ...

Development and Validation of a Deep-Learning Model for Differential Treatment Benefit Prediction for Adults with Major Depressive Disorder Deployed in the Artificial Intelligence in Depression Medication Enhancement (AIDME) Study

INTRODUCTION: The pharmacological treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) relies on a trial-and-error approach. We introduce an artificial inte...

Neural-Net Artificial Pancreas: A Randomized Crossover Trial of a First-in-Class Automated Insulin Delivery Algorithm.

Automated insulin delivery (AID) is now integral to the clinical practice of type 1 diabetes (T1D). The objective of this pilot-feasibility study was...

Efficacy of Daoyin combined with lower limb robot as a comprehensive rehabilitation intervention for stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of a comprehensive rehabilitation approach combining Traditional Chinese Medicine Daoyin with lower limb roboti...

Osteoporotic Precise Screening Using Chest Radiography and Artificial Neural Network: The OPSCAN Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background Diagnosing osteoporosis is challenging due to its often asymptomatic presentation, which highlights the importance of providing screening f...

Artificial Intelligence: Reflections on Its Use to Promote DEIA Principles for Residency Recruitment.

Artificial intelligence predictive analytics in heart failure: results of the pilot phase of a pragmatic randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: We conducted an implementation planning process during the pilot phase of a pragmatic trial, which tests an intervention guided by artific...

Surgical Technique and Perioperative Outcomes Following Single-Port Robotic Adrenalectomy: A Single Institutional Experience.

To describe a single institution's experience with single-port robotic adrenalectomy (SP-RA) and report perioperative outcomes. This is a retrospect...

Surgical stress response in robot-assisted versus laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer (SIRIRALS): randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Evidence for the routine use of robotic technology and its impact on short-term outcomes in colon cancer surgery is lacking. The aim of th...

Pharmaceutical Decision Support System Using Machine Learning to Analyze and Limit Drug-Related Problems in Hospitals.

The health product circuit corresponds to the chain of steps that a medicine goes through in hospital, from prescription to administration. The safety...

Adaptive selection of the optimal strategy to improve precision and power in randomized trials.

Benkeser et al. demonstrate how adjustment for baseline covariates in randomized trials can meaningfully improve precision for a variety of outcome ty...

Automating the Identification of Safety Events Involving Machine Learning-Enabled Medical Devices.

With growing use of machine learning (ML)-enabled medical devices by clinicians and consumers safety events involving these systems are emerging. Curr...

Combining Rule-based NLP-lite with Rapid Iterative Chart Adjudication for Creation of a Large, Accurately Curated Cohort from EHR data: A Case Study in the Context of a Clinical Trial Emulation.

The aim of this work was to create a gold-standard curated cohort of 10,000+ cases from the Veteran Affairs (VA) corporate data warehouse (CDW) for vi...

BadCLM: Backdoor Attack in Clinical Language Models for Electronic Health Records.

The advent of clinical language models integrated into electronic health records (EHR) for clinical decision support has marked a significant advancem...

Using Artificial Intelligence to Identify Effective Components of Computer-Assisted Cognitive Behavioural Therapy.

Although clinician-supported computer-assisted cognitive-behaviour therapy (CCBT) is well established as an effective treatment for depression and anx...

Optical sensing for real-time detection of food-borne pathogens in fresh produce using machine learning.

Contaminated fresh produce remains a prominent catalyst for food-borne illnesses, prompting the need for swift and precise pathogen detection to mitig...

Effect and Safety of Diluted Vasopressin Injection for Bleeding Control During Robot-assisted Laparoscopic Myomectomy in Reproductive Women With Uterine Fibroids: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial (VALENTINE Trial).

BACKGROUND/AIM: Vasopressin injected during myomectomy is known to effectively reduce bleeding but is sometimes associated with intraoperative vasocon...

Alternative methods go green! Green toxicology as a sustainable approach for assessing chemical safety and designing safer chemicals.

Green toxicology is marching chemistry into the 21st century. This emerging framework will transform how chemical safety is evaluated by incorporating...

Erector Spinae Plane Block versus Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Robotic Inguinal Hernia Repair: A Blinded, Active-Controlled, Randomized Trial.

BACKGROUND: Regional anesthetic nerve blocks are widely used in the treatment of pain after outpatient surgery to reduce opioid consumption. Erector s...