Clinical Trials

Impact of a real-time automatic quality control system for magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy: a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Quality control can reduce variations in operators' performance conducting magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy (MCCG). However, an optimal method for quality control in routine MCCG procedures is still lacking. This study aimed to develop an automatic quality control system (AQCS) and assess its effectiveness in a clinical trial. METHODS: We developed the AQCS using convolution...

Prognostic Modeling Based on Post-Endovascular Thrombectomy Systolic Blood Pressure Trajectories Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence: A Secondary Analysis of the OPTIMAL-BP Trial.

Blood pressure (BP) management following successful reperfusion after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is critical in achieving favorable clinical outcomes. Individualized BP management using predictive modeling by machine learning may further improve prediction of functional outcomes. This study was a retrospective analysis of data from the Outcome in Patients Treated with Intra-Arterial Thrombect...

Effectiveness of Patent Foramen Ovale Occlusion Devices Versus Medical Therapy: An Indirect Comparison Based on Reconstructed Individual Patient Data.

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) reduces the risk of recurrent stroke in selected patients with cryptogenic stroke. Howe...

Fiducial Confidence Intervals for Agreement Measures Among Raters Under a Generalized Linear Mixed Effects Model.

A generalization of the classical concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) is considered under a three-level design where multiple raters rate every ...

Automatic Mediation Analysis Under Measurement Error Via Bayesian Machine Learning.

This paper considers the problem of causal mediation analysis (CMA) when the outcome, mediator, or both are modeled as latent variables that are measu...

A Bilingual AI-Based Chatbot for Nutrition Education in a Food Is Medicine Intervention for High-Risk Pregnant Women: Design and Development Study.

BACKGROUND: Conversational agents (artificial intelligence [AI]-based chatbots) offer a novel approach to health interventions by providing personaliz...

An Electromagnetic Navigation Surgical Robotic System (ENSRS) for Transthoracic Puncture of Small Pulmonary Nodules.

OBJECTIVE: To address the limitations of traditional CT-guided pulmonary nodule interventions, such as excessive radiation exposure, prolonged procedu...

Enhancing patient education in cataract surgery using a conversational artificial intelligence chatbot: pilot randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness and usability of a safety-first, clinician-validated conversational artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot for ca...

Incremental Online Learning of Randomized Neural Network With Forward Regularization.

Online learning of deep neural networks faces challenges such as delayed non-incremental updating, increasing consumption, retrospective retraining, a...

Comparing ambient scribes: a randomized crossover clinical trial addressing ambient scribe technologies' impact on physician burnout.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare the effectiveness of 2 ambient AI scribe technologies in reducing physician burnout, improving workflow satisfac...

Between Algorithm and Instinct: A Phenomenological Study of Critical Care Nurses' Decision-Making in AI-Supported Care.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly reshaping critical care through predictive analytics, intelligent monitoring and decision-support ...

Artificial Intelligence for Food Packaging: A Life Cycle-Oriented Review of Material Performance, Functionality, Safety, and Sustainability.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been increasingly applied to address challenges in food packaging, including food waste, sustainability, and real-tim...

Integration Analysis of Bayesian and Machine Learning for Heterogeneity, Biomarkers, and Optimal Combination Regimens of Pucotenlimab in Solid Tumors.

The efficacy of PD-1 inhibitor pucotenlimab (HX008) in solid tumors exhibits heterogeneity. This study integrated data from 6 clinical trials (coverin...

Current Status of Smart Technology Applications and Food Safety Implications in Precision Millet Fermentation: A Critical Review.

Millet fermentation has gained significant attention due to its numerous health benefits, owing to its higher dietary fiber and gluten-free properties...

Risk prediction for linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia and exposure-guided safety optimization.

Linezolid (LZD)-associated thrombocytopenia (TP), a type of major hematotoxicity that can lead to the discontinuation of LZD treatment in patients wit...

Rational use of expensive medicines in the Netherlands: strategies to improve effectiveness and reduce burden on patients and society - a narrative review.

BACKGROUND: While new expensive medicines often offer substantial benefits to patients, they can carry inherent drawbacks such as uncertainty regardin...

Artificial intelligence-powered virtual standardized patients in teaching history-taking skills to medical students: a randomized controlled trial.

Evaluating AI-powered instruction on Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) teaching outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of AI-assisted teaching in computed tomography angiography (CTA) training, focusing on theoret...

Decoupling Intrinsic Molecular Efficacy From Platform Effects: An Interpretable Machine Learning Framework for Unbiased Perovskite Passivator Discovery.

Rational design of interface passivators for perovskite solar cells is hindered by the entanglement of intrinsic molecular efficacy with extrinsic pla...

Neural Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: The Next Frontier in Neurological and Neurodegenerative Diseases.

The present manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of neural stem cell (NSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (NSC-EVs( as a cell-free approach to...