Clinical Trials

Interpretable AI-driven prediction of early postoperative recurrence in locally advanced rectal cancer using the Systemic Inflammatory-Nutritional Index (SINTI): A multi-center study and clinical web tool.

BACKGROUND: Patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) who undergo neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) and subsequently experience early recurrence (ER) within two years post-surgery tend to have unfavorable prognoses. Therefore, the accurate prediction of ER in LARC is of paramount importance. PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop and validate an explainable artificial intelligence (AI) ...

Controversies in Computer-Assisted Detection in Colonoscopy.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) applications in endoscopy, particularly computer-aided detection (CADe), have shown consistent benefit in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), with improvements in adenoma detection rate (ADR) and reductions in adenoma miss rate (AMR). Despite these findings, adoption of CADe in routine colonoscopy remains controversial, with international guidelines issuin...

Ethical Risks and Structural Implications of AI-Mediated Medical Interpreting.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used to support medical interpreting and public health communication, yet current systems introduce serio...

A randomized controlled trial of artificial intelligence-based analytics for clinical deterioration.

This pragmatic randomized controlled trial aimed to assess the effect of a passive display of artificial intelligence (AI)-based predictive analytics ...

Optimizing machine learning-based identification of sexual health influencers for HIV self-testing distribution among men who have sex with men in China: a secondary analysis of a quasi-experimental trial.

BACKGROUND: Secondary distribution of HIV self-testing can expand testing among men who have sex with men. A parent quasi-experimental trial found tha...

Optimizing vedolizumab therapy in ulcerative colitis: A critical synthesis of trial evidence and the emerging role of artificial intelligence.

BACKGROUND: Vedolizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the α4β7 integrin, offers gut-selective immunosuppression and represents a cornerstone biolog...

Evaluation of oxygenation indices incorporating SpO₂ and PEEP for assessing ARDS severity: Evidence from the MIMIC-IV and eICU collaborative research database v2.0 databases.

BACKGROUND: The in-hospital mortality of acute respiratory distress syndrome can reach 35-45%, with patients requiring a more convenient and accurate ...

Recent advances in wearable biophysical sensors for continuous muscle monitoring.

Continuous muscle monitoring is paramount for revealing the dynamics of neuromuscular behaviors including fatigue kinetics, muscle recruitment, coordi...

A scoping review of portable ultra-low-field MRI studies in patients with acquired brain injury: Past, present, and future.

Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) refers to any post-birth damage to the brain, commonly resulting from traumatic events (traumatic brain injury) or non-tra...

Ultrasound-guided microwave ablation for breast tumors: current status and future perspectives.

Ultrasound (US)-guided microwave ablation (MWA) has emerged as a promising minimally invasive therapy for both benign and malignant breast tumors. Thi...

Artificial intelligence-powered nanomedicine.

The escalating global burden of diseases-including cancer, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular disorders-poses severe threats to human health and so...

Effectiveness of AI-enhanced colonoscopy: A case-control study using real world evidence in a young screening age population.

BACKGROUND: Computer aided detection (CADe) colonoscopy has been shown in randomized controlled trials to improve detection of adenomatous colorectal ...

Robust Distance Estimation with Out-of-distribution Detection in Ophthalmic Surgery.

OBJECTIVE: Micrometer-scale precision is vital for patient safety in ophthalmic surgery. Recent advancements in instrument-integrated optical sensors ...

Recent Trends in the Development and Clinical Translation of Polymer-based Targeted Therapeutic Nanoparticle.

Polymeric nanoparticles are a state-of-the-art innovation in nanomedicine, offering site-specific drug delivery, an improved pharmacokinetic profile, ...

Treating those not ready to quit smoking: Doing harm while trying to help?

INTRODUCTION: Motivation-phase smoking treatment can increase treatment reach and abstinence in persons unmotivated to quit smoking. However, Motivati...

Applying a statistical model-based AI method to identify prognostic factors for long-term cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease: Evidence from pooled placebo data of four phase III trials.

BACKGROUND: Heterogeneity in the long-term progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) challenges the efficiency of clinical trials. Identifying long-term...

Pilot clinical evaluation of artificial intelligence-driven guiding catheter simulation for optimizing percutaneous coronary intervention.

AIMS: In percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), a suboptimal choice of guiding catheter may compromise coaxial alignment and backup support, prolon...

The Emerging Role of Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery and Development: Implications for Cardiovascular Pharmacology.

Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, highlighting the urgent need for more efficient, precise, and cost...

Assessing the Feasibility, Usability, Acceptability, and Efficacy of an AI Chatbot for Sleep Promotion: Quasi-Experimental Study.

BACKGROUND: Poor sleep is a concerning public health problem in the United States. Previous sleep interventions often face barriers such as high costs...

Treating autism with Bumetanide: Identification of responders using Q-Finder machine learning algorithm.

Bumetanide, a specific NKCC1 co-transporter inhibitor, restores deficient GABAergic inhibition implicated in various brain disorders, including Autism...