Critical Care

Latest AI and machine learning research in critical care for healthcare professionals.

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Subcategories: Sepsis
Showing 2921-2940 of 7,235 articles

Real-World Validation of Machine Learning Models for HIV Treatment Adherence Prediction and Care Gap Quantification: A Multi-Country Analysis of 192,732 Clinical Records

Delayed diagnosis and poor antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence remain primary drivers of HIV-related morbidity in low-resource settings, yet real-world AI validation at scale is lacking. We conducted a retrospective validation study using two publicly available, de-identified datasets: a Quality of Care cohort of 27,288 HIV-positive patients on ART across multiple healthcare facilities, and the...

Interpretable Predictive Modeling for Medical Data Using Boolean Rule-aware Regression

Purpose: In clinical practice, accurate prediction of disease risk must be accompanied by transparent, human-understandable explanations to support diagnostic confidence, guide therapeutic decisions, and meet ethical and regulatory standards. While deep neural networks achieve high predictive performance in tasks such as cancer detection and diabetes risk stratification, their black-box nature pre...

Lost in the Folds: When Cross-Validation Is Not a Deep Ensemble for Uncertainty Estimation

Ensemble disagreement is widely used as a proxy for epistemic uncertainty in medical image segmentation. In practice, many studies form ensembles via ...

May 18 2026 2605.18329v1
Estimating Daily Taxon-specific Tree Pollen at a 1-km Resolution in Atlanta, GA from 2020 to 2024

While tree pollen is a major trigger of allergic respiratory conditions and different taxa exhibit varying allergenic potentials, the lack of high-res...

Risk of apnoea-related cardiorespiratory instability in preterm infants is modulated by clinical, demographic and dynamic indicators

Background: Apnoea of prematurity is common and may cause desaturation and/or bradycardia. There is marked variability in infants cardiorespiratory re...

Deep Learning for Automated Meningioma Segmentation: Toward Clinical Integration and Workflow Efficiency

Background: Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors in adults, and volumetric assessment increasingly guides surveillance and trea...

Pathogen-specific host responses define distinct pneumonia endotypes in the human lung

Pneumonia is the leading cause of death from infectious disease worldwide. The diagnosis and treatment of patients with pneumonia lag behind other maj...

Agentifying Patient Dynamics within LLMs through Interacting with Clinical World Model

Sepsis management in the ICU requires sequential treatment decisions under rapidly evolving patient physiology. Although large language models (LLMs) ...

May 14 2026 2605.14723v1
Text Knows What, Tables Know When: Clinical Timeline Reconstruction via Retrieval-Augmented Multimodal Alignment

Reconstructing precise clinical timelines is essential for modeling patient trajectories and forecasting risk in complex, heterogeneous conditions lik...

May 14 2026 2605.15168v1
Improving machine learning and deep learning models for 30-day ICU readmission prediction using Ensemble Bayesian Model Averaging

Intensive Care Unit (ICU) readmissions are associated with adverse clinical outcomes and increased healthcare costs. Although existing models for pred...

Contactless ultrasound chest vibration mapping discriminates respiratory and cardiac patients from healthy individuals.

Contactless assessment of cardiopulmonary function remains an unmet need, with current approaches relying either on subjective clinical examination or...

Causal Fairness for Survival Analysis

In the data-driven era, large-scale datasets are routinely collected and analyzed using machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) to info...

May 12 2026 2605.11362v1
Multi-Narrow Transformation as a Single-Model Ensemble: Boundary Conditions, Mechanisms, and Failure Modes

Single-model ensembles (SMEs) have attracted attention as a way to approximate some of the benefits of deep ensembles within a single network. However...

May 12 2026 2605.11530v1
BronchoLumen: Analysis of recent YOLO-based architectures for real-time bronchial orifice detection in video bronchoscopy

Bronchoscopy is routinely conducted in pulmonary clinics and intensive care units, but navigating the complex branching of the respiratory tract remai...

May 12 2026 2605.11748v1
Quantifying Potential Observation Missingness in Inverse Reinforcement Learning

Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL), which infers reward functions from demonstrations, is a valuable tool for modeling and understanding decision-ma...

May 12 2026 2605.12831v1
ConvergeCELL: An end-to-end platform from patient transcriptomics to therapeutic hypotheses

Translating transcriptomic data into therapeutic hypotheses remains fragmented and labor-intensive. Here we present ConvergeCELL, a platform combining...

Med-StepBench: A Hierarchical Reasoning Framework for Evaluating Hallucinations in Medical Vision-Language Models

Large vision-language models (VLMs) demonstrate strong performance in medical image understanding, but frequently generate clinically plausible yet in...

May 11 2026 2605.10002v1
MMVIAD: Multi-view Multi-task Video Understanding for Industrial Anomaly Detection

Industrial anomaly detection is critical for manufacturing quality control, yet existing datasets mainly focus on static images or sparse views, which...

May 11 2026 2605.10833v1
Clin-JEPA: A Multi-Phase Co-Training Framework for Joint-Embedding Predictive Pretraining on EHR Patient Trajectories

We present Clin-JEPA, a multi-phase co-training framework for joint-embedding predictive (JEPA) pretraining on EHR patient trajectories. JEPA architec...

May 11 2026 2605.10840v1
Attractor-Vascular Coupling Theory: Formal Grounding and Empirical Validation for AAMI-Standard Cuffless Blood Pressure Estimation from Smartphone Photoplethysmography

This work proposes Attractor-Vascular Coupling Theory (AVCT), a mathematical framework showing that cardiac attractor geometry encodes blood pressure ...

May 11 2026 2605.10871v1
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