Critical Care

Recent advances in screening, diagnosis, prognosis and personalized treatment of sepsis.

Sepsis is a multi-system physiological syndrome defined as a dysregulated host response to infection. Despite recent advances clinicians continue to depend on clinically or physiologically defined syndromes as poor classifiers and therefore fail to accurately predict outcome or responses to treatment. Recent studies suggest that advances in screening, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of sepsis ...

Smartphone-Based Detection of Abnormal Lung Sounds Using Domain-Adaptive Deep Learning.

Auscultation is a fundamental clinical practice for detecting respiratory abnormalities, but accurate interpretation requires specialized medical expertise. With the increasing adoption of electronic stethoscopes, large-scale datasets have enabled active research on deep learning for the detection of abnormal lung sounds. However, electronic stethoscopes remain costly and impractical for widesprea...

A Novel Convolutional Neural Network-Based Algorithm for Heart Rate Measurement From Ballistocardiography Signals in Diverse Clinical Settings: Observational Study.

BACKGROUND: Continuous vital sign monitoring ensures early detection, prevents intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and improves patient outcomes. Co...

Conformal reliability assessment of PPG-based ICU arrhythmia classification under class imbalance and patient heterogeneity.

Deep learning models for photoplethysmography (PPG)-based arrhythmia detection in intensive care are often evaluated by average accuracy, while confor...

MSAFNet: A multi-scale attention fusion network for automated neonatal pain facial expression recognition with clinical validation.

Accurate, timely pain assessment in neonates remains a stubborn yet critical challenge in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), where conventional ob...

Adaptive ventilation based on cough detection and localization for airborne infection control in vehicles.

Cough-generated pathogen-laden aerosols can lead to airborne transmission of infectious diseases inside vehicle cabins, where occupants share a confin...

Promoting patient empowerment in chronic care: A scoping review of key facilitating factors.

OBJECTIVES: Chronic conditions represent a growing global health challenge, requiring ongoing management in which patients play an active role. Althou...

Use of heart rate variability in prediction of clinical deterioration in critically ill hospitalised adults: a systematic review protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Heart rate variability (HRV) is a measurement derived from the beat-to-beat variation in heart rate and reflects the complex interaction...

Robot-assisted gait training using a robotic exoskeleton during inpatient rehabilitation in acute Guillain-Barré Syndrome.

A woman in her early 60s with acute Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) developed rapidly progressive tetraparesis and respiratory failure requiring non-inv...

Interpretable AI-enabled decision support for drinking-straw substitution using per-use greenhouse-gas indicators and user-review evidence.

Plastic drinking straws are a visible single-use plastic product, yet selecting suitable substitutes remains challenging because literature-derived cl...

Towards Explainability in Deep Learning for Detection of Five Major Intracranial Hemorrhage Subtypes on Head CT Using Multi-window DICOM Imaging and Patient-Level Cross-Validation.

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a time-critical neurologic emergency where delayed diagnosis can worsen outcomes. Non-contrast head CT is the first-l...

Retraction Note: A diagnostic model for sepsis using an integrated machine learning framework approach and its therapeutic drug discovery.

Object detection in histology: A multi-dataset benchmark and test-time inference.

Medical image analysis has become increasingly important for automated medical diagnosis, as well as deep learning. Specifically, object detection mod...

The role of machine learning in early detection, accurate diagnosis, and timely treatment of diseases.

The contemporary healthcare landscape is experiencing a significant transformation driven by the rapid growth of digital health data and advancements ...

A Large Language Model-Driven System for Advance Care Planning Training Among Health Care Providers in the Chinese Context: Development and Technical Evaluation.

BACKGROUND: With the expanding need for advance care planning (ACP), innovative educational strategies for training health care providers are increasi...

Machine Learning for Predicting Critical Postoperative Interventions: Proof-of-Concept Study Using the INSPIRE Dataset.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative complications contribute significantly to patient morbidity and mortality. Early prediction of such complications could enab...

Screening of potential targets of (2S)-2'-methoxykurarinone against sepsis and in vivo verification in zebrafish model.

OBJECTIVE: To screen the potential core targets of (2S)-2'-Methoxykurarinone, a dimethyldihydroflavonoid derived from Sophora flavescens, against seps...

High Resolution Isotropic 'Pseudo' 3D Cine imaging with Automated Segmentation using Concatenated 2D Real-time Imaging and Deep Learning.

BACKGROUND: Conventional cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in pediatric and congenital heart disease uses 2D, breath-hold (BH), balanced steady ...

Combined Analysis of scRNA-seq and Bulk RNA-seq Sequencing Revealing the Heterogeneity of Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis and Key Molecular Mechanisms of Its Occurrence and Development.

OBJECTIVE: Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a benign tumor that is highly prone to recurrence and has the potential to become malignant, ...

Video-based artificial intelligence for automated neonatal respiratory monitoring.

UNLABELLED: Neonatal respiratory monitoring is essential for the early detection of clinical alterations, especially in preterm newborns. Conventional...