Cultural Competence

Brain-like variability in convolutional neural networks reveals evidence-, uncertainty- and bias-driven decision-making

Even when stimuli and tasks are held constant, brain activity fluctuates markedly across trials, yet it is not well understood how these fluctuations affect decision-making and behavior. Here we address this gap in knowledge using a convolutional neural network (CNN) trained on a perceptual decision-making task. Applying an established analytical framework, we show that CNN activity exhibits trial...

Unveiling the Human Nasopharyngeal Microbiome Compendium: Systematic Characterization of Community Architecture and Function Through a Comprehensive Meta-Analysis

The nasopharyngeal microbiome acts as a dynamic interface between the human body and environmental exposures, modulating immune responses and helping to maintain respiratory health. Despite its clinical significance, the nasopharyngeal microbiome remains poorly characterized with few resources available. A robust standardized framework for distinguishing healthy from dysbiotic communities is neede...

Improved interpretability in LFADS models using a learned, context-dependent per-trial bias

The computation-through-dynamics perspective argues that biological neural circuits process information via the continuous evolution of their internal...

A Systematic Fairness Evaluation of Racial Bias in Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis Using Machine Learning Models

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major global health concern, expected to affect 12.7 million Americans by 2050. Machine learning (ML) algorithms have be...

From microbial diversity to function; evaluating dimensionality reduction methods

Artificial Intelligence (AI), and more specifically Machine Learning (ML), have become an increasingly prevalent tool in microbial oceanography. The h...

Evidence of ecosystem process recovery across a large-scale coral reef restoration programme using AI accelerated soundscape analysis

Coral reef restoration efforts are on the increase globally. However, reporting on the ecological outcomes of these efforts is rare and typically focu...

Enhancer-AAVs allow genetic access to oligodendrocytes and diverse populations of astrocytes across species

Proper brain function requires the assembly and function of diverse populations of neurons and glia. Single cell gene expression studies have mostly f...

The Regional Landscape of the Human Colon Culturome in Health and Cystic Fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis (CF) alters gut physiology, yet its impact on microbial communities across colonic regions (ascending, transverse, descending colon) a...

Rapidly Reconfigurable Dynamic Computing in Neural Networks with Fixed Synaptic Connectivity

Learning and memory in the brain’s neocortex have long been hypothesised to be primarily mediated by synaptic plasticity. Extensive research in artifi...

H3BERTa: A CDR-H3 specific language model for antibody repertoire analysis

Antibodies are central to immune defense and therapeutic design, yet predicting which sequences confer functional activity remains challenging. Deep l...

Assessing Scale and Predictive Diversity in Models for Single-Cell Transcriptomics based on Geneformer

Foundation models are increasingly applied to single-cell transcriptomics, where they promise to capture generalizable representations that support di...

The Macroevolution of Filamentation Morphology Across the Saccharomycotina Yeast Subphylum

Saccharomycotina yeasts are a highly diverse and widely distributed subphylum of ascomycete fungi that exhibit diversity in their asexual growth morph...

Rubisco is slow across the tree of life

Rubisco is the main gateway through which inorganic carbon enters the biosphere, catalyzing the vast majority of carbon fixation on Earth. This pivota...

Examining Selection Dynamics and Limitations in Multi-round Protein Selection of High Diversity Libraries

Proteins and peptides underpin essential biological functions and technological applications, from targeting disease-relevant interactions to providin...

Integrative metabolome-genome analysis reveals the genetic architecture of metabolic diversity in sorghum grain

Cereal grains are fundamental to global food security and bioenergy production, yet the genetic and molecular bases of grain metabolic diversity remai...

Deep learning to overcome human error and bias in electrode position extraction in tDCS-fMRI studies

Combining transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with fMRI enables investigation of stimulation effects, while structural MRI verifies electro...

Ensembles of Graph Neural Networks Supervised by Genotype-to-Phenotype Structures Improved Genomic Prediction Performance

Accurate selection of favourable crop genotypes has motivated the exploration of diverse prediction algorithms for crop breeding applications. One gen...

MeLSI: Metric Learning for Statistical Inference in Microbiome Community Composition Analysis

Microbiome beta diversity analysis relies on distance-based methods including PERMANOVA combined with fixed ecological distance metrics (Bray-Curtis, ...

A dataset of differentiable biologically-derived single neuron models

Biological neural networks contain diverse cell types with heterogeneous electrophysiological properties. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) model comp...

Study Research Protocol for Phenome India-CSIR Health Cohort Knowledgebase (PI-CHeCK): A Prospective multi-modal follow-up study on a nationwide employee cohort

Predicting individual health trajectories based on risk scores can help formulate effective preventive strategies for diseases and their complications...