Cultural Competence

Deep Learning Models for Detection of Periapical Radiolucent Lesions on Panoramic Radiographs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Panoramic radiographs are used routinely to screen dental conditions and treatment patterns. Recently, numerous studies have suggested that deep learning (DL) models can be utilized for analysing panoramic radiographs. OBJECTIVE: This review aimed to evaluate the accuracy of DL models in detecting periapical radiolucent lesions (PRLs) on panoramic radiographs, as compared to a referenc...

Protocols for genomic epidemiology and source attribution of enteric bacteria causing diarrhoeal disease across Africa.

INTRODUCTION: Enteric bacterial pathogens are a major cause of diarrhoeal disease in low-income and middle-income countries, with complex transmission pathways involving human, animal and environmental reservoirs. Conventional epidemiological and microbiological approaches provide important insights into pathogen burden and distribution but lack the resolution needed to characterise fine-scale div...

AI and machine learning for early identification of eating disorders: a narrative review and Indian contextual insights.

BACKGROUND: Eating disorders (EDs) are a growing global health concern and are increasingly associated with negative body-image perceptions linked to ...

Artificial intelligence in Australian prison psychiatry: Promise, pitfalls, and ethical imperatives.

BackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI) may offer potential to augment risk assessment and expand personalised treatment in prison psychiatry. In Queen...

Artificial Intelligence and Algorithmic Bias in Burn Care: A Literature Review of Ethical Challenges.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into burn care for triage, burn-depth assessment, prognostic scoring, pain management, and tel...

Enhancing Physician Resilience to Generative AI: Multilevel Framework for Shared Authority, Verification, and Skill Preservation.

As generative artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language model-based tools, is increasingly integrated into diagnosis, triage, decision...

Explainable and Interpretable AI for Voice and Speech Analysis in Clinical Care: Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Driven by recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly in medicine, audio-based voice and speech biomarkers are increasin...

Cyclic sulfone ring remodeling enables molecular shape diversity-oriented synthesis of privileged biaryl and oligoaryl motifs.

Molecular shape is a key determinant of the structural properties and intermolecular interactions of privileged scaffolds, such as biaryl and oligoary...

Identifying and mitigating bias in multiple aspects of modern clinical research.

In clinical research, bias is a systematic error that creates a difference between observed and true values. The increasing use of large datasets and ...

Bias-induced NO adsorption and configurational transitions on Cu(110): a machine learning enhanced first-principles grand canonical study.

Precise control over the configurational changes of molecules adsorbed on metal surfaces is critical for advancing molecular-scale technologies, inclu...

Artificial Intelligence-Driven MRI for Cervical Nodal Metastasis Detection in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Hierarchical Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) applied to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may improve detection of cervical lymph node metastases in oral s...

Machine Learning-Based Prognostic Models for Functional Outcomes in Spinal Cord Injury: Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Machine learning is increasingly used to develop prognostic prediction models for spinal cord injury. Nevertheless, current studies exhibi...

Prediction of college student psychological state based on deep learning framework combining the improved Whale Optimization Algorithm and LSTM.

In intelligent education, accurate prediction of college students' psychological states is crucial for teaching quality improvement and mental health ...

Trusting Generative AI for Health Advice: Preregistered Survey Experiment.

BACKGROUND: Generative artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly used for health information seeking, yet it remains unclear how the publi...

Solidarity or Segregation? ChatGPT Health and US Health Care Disparities.

ChatGPT Health, an artificial intelligence feature launched by OpenAI in January 2026, integrates personal medical records and consumer health data in...

Beyond the 'Pregnancy Black Box': a global roadmap for artificial intelligence-driven pharmacogenomics in maternal-neonatal health.

Maternal and neonatal health (MNH) urgently requires precision medicine interventions, as morbidity, mortality, and health disparities hinder the achi...

Effects of roadside habitat management on epigeic arthropod diversity: a case study from the Nitra-Selenec expressway junction.

Linear transport infrastructure fragments habitats, but its edges can serve as significant refuges for invertebrates. Management of these verges is cr...

Can large language models generate exam questions comparable to humans? A systematic review and meta-analysis study in medical education.

INTRODUCTION: Recently developed artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs), e.g. GPT, streamline the development of mult...

Validation of aortic valve calcification quantification on contrast-enhanced computed tomography against ex vivo gravimetric analysis: comparison of fixed Hounsfield unit thresholds and deep learning segmentation.

BACKGROUND: Accurate quantification of aortic valve calcification (AVC) on contrast-enhanced computed tomography angiography (CTA) is pivotal for plan...

Barriers and enablers for publishing results of randomized trials: a cross-sectional survey of principal investigators in sub-Saharan Africa.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the views and experiences of principal investigators (PIs) based in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) regarding publication bias of ...