Cultural Competence

Deep Learning Segmentation of Pectoralis Muscle Volume at CT and Comparison with Pectoralis Muscle Area in COPD.

Purpose To develop a deep learning model for segmenting pectoralis muscle volume (PMV) at CT and evaluate the reproducibility, group differences, and associations of pectoralis muscle area (PMA) and PMV with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-related outcomes. Materials and Methods This study was a secondary analysis of the prospective Canadian Cohort Obstructive Lung Disease study (CanC...

Key Measures for Evaluating Diagnostic Accuracy in Multi-Class Classification: An Overview and Simulation-Based Comparison.

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence have led to increased interest in predictive modeling across various domains, including medicine. Although numerous metrics have been established for binary classification, the growing adoption of multi-class systems necessitates robust evaluation measures. However, comprehensive simulation studies comparing the performance of existing multi-class met...

Large Language Models in Clinical Decision Support: A Comparative Analysis of Chat-GPT and Breast Radiologists on ACR Appropriateness Criteria.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: This study evaluates the performance of ChatGPT, a large language model (LLM), in selecting appropriate imaging modalities f...

Developing policy and regulation for the safer use of artificial intelligence technologies for mental health in Australia.

Artificial intelligence is emerging as a powerful tool for improving mental health research and care, offering opportunities for early intervention, p...

Whole Metagenomic Profiling Identifies a Gut Microbial Signature for Chronic Pancreatitis via Machine Learning.

BACKGROUND: Pancreatitis significantly alters the microbial composition of the oral and intestinal compartments, causing dysbiosis that may contribute...

Viewpoint on the Consequences and Mitigation of Cognitive Bias in the Radiological Interpretation of Breast Cancer Imaging Using Artificial Intelligence.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into breast imaging workflows, offering the potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy, efficien...

Brain volumetric variability and artificial intelligence diagnosis: Importance of race/ethnicity-specific reference standards and social determinant adjustment. A scoping review.

Neuroimaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are routinely used in diagnostic radiology to evaluate brain changes associated with ...

Use of Artificial Intelligence to Predict Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Systematic Review.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is widely used in patients with severe cardiac or respiratory failure. ECMO is resource and cost intensive ...

A systematic review of the use of artificial intelligence in mental health-based diabetes care: Current applications and future directions.

AIMS: To map and systematise existing research on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in mental health-based diabetes care contexts, identify tren...

Handling Missing Patient-Reported Outcomes in Longitudinal Clinical Trials: A Simulation Study.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the performance of multiple imputation, machine learning methods, and complete case analysis for handling missing data in longit...

High-Resolution Colony Images of Clinically Isolated Bacteria for Automated Detection and Deep Learning.

The observation and analysis of colonies on solid media are key steps in microbiological research. However, traditional manual interpretation methods ...

Advancing plant DNA barcoding: integrating chloroplast genome sequencing, cryptic diversity discovery and machine learning.

Accurate plant species identification underpins taxonomy, conservation, ecological monitoring, and the authentication of medicinal and food resources....

Beyond the Hype: Understanding the Limits, Errors and Risk Areas of Artificial Intelligence in Gastroenterology.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly expanded across gastroenterology, enabling advances in real-time endoscopic detection, radiologic interpretat...

Artificial intelligence and hearing health: a global evidence review of biases and equity implications for Africa.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into audiology and hearing health, yet evidence from across the health sciences shows that AI ...

Approaching Diversity in Anatomical Education through Metaverse.

BACKGROUND: Human anatomy is a foundational and indispensable subject within health sciences education, particularly for students pursuing careers in ...

VLDUS: Vision-language distillated unseen synthesizer for zero-shot object detection.

Generative methods have shown promising performance on zero-shot object detection (ZSD) by synthesizing visual features of unseen classes from semanti...

Machine Learning Models Used to Predict Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Growth and Rupture: A Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal.

BACKGROUND: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture remains a major cause of mortality, and diameter-based surveillance is an imperfect predictor of r...

Prospective Evidence on Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Melanoma Diagnostics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

IMPORTANCE: Dermoscopy is a standard of care for melanoma diagnostics, and artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly investigated as decis...

Electrofluidic fiber muscles.

Actuators are to robots what muscles are to humans. They enable motion and determine strength and dexterity. The fiber form factor makes skeletal musc...

Fuzzy Logic Approaches for Causal Inference in Health Care: Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Fuzzy logic has been progressively investigated as a viable alternative to traditional statistical and machine learning methods in health ...