Cultural Competence

Understanding User Intent in Code-Mixed Sexual and Reproductive Health Queries in Urban India: Hierarchical Classification Approach Using Large Language Models.

BACKGROUND: Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) remains a stigmatized and taboo topic globally, limiting access to reliable information. These challenges are heightened in the Global South, where linguistic and cultural diversity further complicates information access. In India (the study context), many individuals express SRH concerns in code-mixed language, such as Hinglish (code-mixed Hindi an...

From Guidelines to Clicklists: GPT-5-Generated ERAS Checklists Improve Guideline Coverage for Bariatric and Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery-A STROBE-Compatible Cross-Sectional Evaluation.

BACKGROUND: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) pathways improve outcomes after bariatric and gastrointestinal (GI) cancer surgery, yet real-world adherence remains inconsistent. Digital tools and checklists can support implementation, but their maintenance and completeness may be limited. Large language models (LLMs) could rapidly generate structured ERAS checklists; however, their coverage, c...

Mapping the subgingival HerBiome and HisBiome over the human healthspan.

BACKGROUND: Understanding the intricate relationship between sex, age, and the oral microbiome is crucial for deciphering the onset and progression of...

Explainable Machine Learning for Assessing Digital Health Literacy in Older Adults: Validation and Development of a Two-Stage Model Integrating Performance-Based and Self-Assessed Indicators.

BACKGROUND: Digital health literacy (DHL) is the ability to locate, understand, evaluate, and apply health information in digital environments. It is ...

Hybrid physics-informed machine learning and nanobiosensing strategies for precision liver cancer diagnostics.

Liver cancer, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is a significant global health concern due to its asymptomatic early stages, biological div...

AsianVehicle: An image dataset of traditional Asian vehicles.

The AsianVehicle dataset introduces a comprehensive image collection of four traditional Bangladeshi vehicle types-Auto Rickshaw, Rickshaw, Rickshaw V...

A decoction-inspired genetic algorithm and PPO reinforcement learning for intelligent molecular discovery: Anti-colorectal cancer candidates from the tiao-pi AnChang formula.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains among the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The TiaoPi AnChang Decoction (TPACD), a tr...

A practical framework for operationalising responsible and equitable artificial intelligence in health care: tackling bias, inequity, and implementation challenges.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to transform health care; however, successful integration of AI into health care requires overcoming ob...

Models and input parameters for the estimation of heat-related excess mortality: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aims to identify existing methodological approaches and input parameters to estimate heat-related excess mortality base...

Multimodal models for skin cancer classification using clinical freetext and dermatoscopic images.

BACKGROUND: Skin cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers globally, with early detection critical to ensure reduced mortality risk. To aid early de...

Risks of Microplastics Shaping Viral Communities and Functions in Real Marine Environments.

Microplastic (MP) pollution has become a global issue, especially in the oceans. However, the extent of changes in the ecological states of viruses th...

Systematic review of prediction models and meta-analysis of risk factors for invasive fungal infection in children.

OBJECTIVES: To review the application of prediction models and risk factors identified by prediction models for invasive fungal infection (IFI) in chi...

Thymic health consequences in adults.

The thymus is essential for establishing T cell diversity early in life, but undergoes profound involution with age and has therefore traditionally be...

Thymic health and immunotherapy outcomes in patients with cancer.

Although immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, many patients still experience limited benefit, highlighting the urgent need for improved ...

Zhuangzian philosophy as a guiding principle in medical AI: a path to overcoming bias and paternalism.

This piece defends that the Zhuangzian philosophy can help mitigate paternalism and bias in medical artificial intelligence. Zhuangzian philosophy, by...

Risk-prediction models for postpartum depression: Assessment of risk of bias using PROBAST+AI.

OBJECTIVE: The postpartum depression (PPD) risk prediction model is an effective risk stratification tool and is expected to play a significant role i...

Reliable uncertainty estimates in deep learning with efficient Metropolis-Hastings algorithms.

Approaching problems with data-driven models often requires reliable uncertainty estimates. Bayesian neural networks can offer these for deep learning...

Novel Deep-Learning Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Method for Mitigating Batch, Strain, and Instrument Variations to Enhance Raman Spectroscopy-Based Bacterial Pathogen Identification.

The escalating threat of antibiotic resistance demands a rapid and accurate pathogen identification. While Raman spectroscopy combined with deep learn...

Enhancing recommendation diversity and accuracy with product paths and time decay mechanisms.

The recommendation algorithm suggests products to users, improving their experience, however, it encounters a challenge of insufficient diversity in t...

CIRCUS: A Causal Intervention-Based Framework for Enhancing Counterfactual Fairness in Trained Classifiers.

Ensuring model fairness for preventing potential biases based on any sensitive attribute is crucial for the societal acceptance of artificial intellig...