Cultural Competence

No Normal Brain: How Demographic Exclusion Undermines Neuroimaging AI Validity.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Neuroimaging AI systems increasingly influence clinical decisions, yet demographic exclusions in training datasets may compromise their scientific validity and clinical safety. This analysis examines how demographic concentration in major neuroimaging repositories undermines the fundamental neurobiological principle that there is no single "normal" brain, potentially crea...

AI and Digital Tools in Dermatology: Addressing Access and Misinformation.

Digital dermatology, which is defined as the use of digital technologies that leverage individual- and population-level skin data to improve the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of skin diseases, has emerged as a critical frontier for bridging persistent gaps in dermatologic care. This transformation holds particular promise for addressing long-standing inequities linked to geography, income, ...

Antimicrobial resistance gene diversity, prevalence, and mobility within four landfills.

Antibiotics in landfills create selection pressures on the microorganisms present, selecting for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic res...

Assessment of GFR Estimation Methods in Patients With Obesity.

CONTEXT: Obesity is an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease, and accurate estimation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is crucial....

Assessing the Reliability of Large Language Models for Evaluation of Risk of Bias in Randomized Clinical Trials.

OBJECTIVE: Systematic reviews depend on rigorous risk-of-bias (RoB) assessments to ensure credibility, yet manual evaluation using the Cochrane RoB 2 ...

Responses and drivers of phytoplankton to the anthropogenic water-sediment regulation in the Yellow River.

The operation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir's intensive water-sediment regulation imposes a significant, pulsed anthropogenic disturbance on the downstr...

Prognostic models in populations with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality, highlighting the need for reliable prognostic models. This study prov...

Enhancing LGBTQ+ Inclusivity in an AI-Powered Sexual Health Chatbot: User-Centered Design Approach Through a Nonprofit and Academic Partnership.

BACKGROUND: Despite the growing use of digital platforms for sexual health education, many tools fail to meet the needs of LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisex...

Open-source framework for detecting bias and overfitting for large pathology images.

Even foundational models trained on large-scale datasets may learn to rely on non-relevant artifacts such as background color or color intensity, lead...

The effect of robot-assisted gait training on physical activity outcomes in people with spinal cord injury: A systematic review.

ObjectiveTo summarise the evidence for changes in physical activity outcomes during robot-assisted gait training in patients with spinal cord injury.D...

Framing the Convergence of One Health and Digital Health in the Global South With a Gender-Sensitive Foresight Perspective: Delphi Study Using Latent Semantic Analysis.

BACKGROUND: The convergence of digital health and One Health represents an emergent paradigm in global health governance. While widely discussed in hi...

Improving Fairness and Mitigating Bias in Multicenter Electronic Health Records Models to Predict Glaucoma Outcomes.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness and generalizability of bias mitigation methods in glaucoma progression prediction models across a multicenter ...

Assessing the Impact of Sociodemographic Factors on Artificial Intelligence Models in Predicting Dementia: Retrospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly applied to health care, yet concerns about fairness persist, particularly in relation to soci...

Evaluating Sentinel-2 gap filling techniques for cloud removal and data reconstruction.

Cloud cover creates frequent data gaps in high-resolution satellite imagery, particularly from Sentinel-2. These disrupt its continuity and reliabilit...

Staged Diversity-Constrained Machine Learning for High-Dimensional Reaction Condition Optimization.

Optimizing reaction conditions in high-dimensional chemical spaces remains a central challenge in modern synthesis. In this context, we developed and ...

Integrated Deep Learning-Based Intracranial Vessel Wall Imaging with DANTE Preparation: Feasibility and Technical Performance.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility and technical performance of integrating a Delay Alternating with Nutation for Tailored Excitation (DANTE) prepar...

Predicting neoadjuvant immunotherapy efficacy with machine learning models in non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta analysis.

BACKGROUND: The response of resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to neoadjuvant immunotherapy is heterogeneous. Machine learning can integrat...

Early Risk Factor Prediction in Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis Using Feature Selection and Machine Learning Algorithms.

Chronic kidney disease, CKD in short, is a kind of long-term kidney illness in which rapid deterioration of kidney function is observed over a period ...

AI/ML-based strategies for enhancing equity, diversity, and inclusion in randomized clinical trials.

This paper introduces a conceptual framework designed to embed equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) across all stages of the clinical trial lifecycl...

Improving machine-learning development in allergology: bridging the gap between open-access and cohort-based databases.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The advent of high-throughput data generation and artificial intelligence has transformed allergy research. Open-access database (O...