Cultural Competence

Complex Interactions Between Stress, Nutrition, Gut Microbiota, and Infectious Diseases and Their Impact on Health in Global Conflicts: A Narrative Review.

Following the global recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, wars and conflicts have escalated to levels unseen since the Cold War. It is well known that conflict is accompanied not only by significant losses among both military personnel and civilians but also by rising levels of stress and stress-related disorders within the general population. Stress is bidirectionally connected with the state of ...

Addressing Health Disparities through Community Engagement in Artificial Intelligence-Driven Prevention Science.

Artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) in prevention science may improve or perpetuate health inequities. Community engagement is one proposed strategy thought to empirically mitigate bias in AI/ML tools. We outline how to incorporate community engagement at every stage of the model development and implementation. Borrowing from a framework for phases of prevention research, we descr...

Effectiveness of Machine Learning in Detecting Vessels Encapsulating Tumor Clusters in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Vessels encapsulating tumor clusters (VETC) are significantly associated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, i...

Developing a Suicide Risk Prediction Algorithm Using Electronic Health Record Data in Mental Health Care: Real-World Case Study.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) offers potential solutions to address the challenges faced by a strained mental health care system, such as i...

Chronic stress raises baseline circulating corticosterone and reduces vocal plasticity in male budgerigars, an avian model for adult vocal learning.

Chronic stress affects cognitive function across many domains, including memory, decision making and learning. While the effects of early-life stress ...

Machine learning for discovery of clinical pain biomarkers following spinal cord injury.

Chronic pain is highly prevalent in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and further degrades the quality of life in individuals already struggling ...

Evolving approaches and data availability for understanding the impact of land-use change on ecosystem services.

Understanding how land-use change alters the flow of ecosystem services is critical for sustainability policy and planning. We conducted a systematic ...

BanglaMUSE: A multimodal Bangla sentiment dataset of text-audio pairs for speech and sentiment analysis.

This article describes a publicly available multimodal Bangla sentiment dataset designed to support research in speech processing, sentiment analysis,...

Soil microbial diversity, stability, and function are enhanced by cover cropping: A machine learning-based pooled analysis of Mississippi agroecosystems.

Cover cropping has emerged as a pivotal strategy to enhance soil health and microbiome functionality across diverse agroecosystems. However, the exten...

A modern look at simplicity bias in image classification tasks.

Simplicity bias (SB), the tendency of neural networks to learn simpler functions, is a key factor in good generalization. Recent studies have examined...

Mitigating data center bias in cancer classification: Transfer bias unlearning and feature size reduction via conflict-of-interest free multi-objective optimization.

Bias in the decision-making processes of trained deep models poses a significant threat to their reliability. Such bias can lead to overoptimistic res...

Machine learning and causal inference applied to the gut metagenome-metabolome axis reveals a link between neonatal jaundice and autism spectrum disorder.

UNLABELLED: Neonatal jaundice (NJ) might increase the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children. This study examined whether alterations in t...

Multiple paths to recovery after the Permian-Triassic mass extinction.

The current biodiversity landscape results from hundreds of millions of years of evolution, yet the accumulation of biodiversity has been punctuated b...

Integration of inter-simple sequence repeats with machine learning approach for diversity analysis and authentication of Iranian cotton cultivars.

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) has experienced extensive breeding in recent decades, leading to a narrowed genetic base that presents challenges for a...

Developing an artificial intelligence-powered question-and-answer chatbot with English-Spanish capabilities for new mothers.

OBJECTIVES: Generative AI chatbots are revolutionizing health education by making complex information more accessible to the public. However, their us...

Altered gut microbiome function in ADHD: More Prevotella, less vitamin B12 biosynthesis, and beneficial modulation by synbiotic treatment.

The effect of psychostimulant medication in ADHD on the gut microbiome remains unknown. Oral Synbiotic 2000, comprising multiple lactic acid bacteria ...

Beyond a single mode: GAN ensembles for diverse medical data generation.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The advancement of generative AI in medical imaging faces the trilemma of simultaneously achieving high fidelity and diversi...

Large language models versus healthcare professionals in providing medical information to patient questions: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: The rapid expansion of digital healthcare has heightened the volume of patient communication, thereby increasing the workload for healthcar...

Atmospheric pollution is associated with microbial community stability and functional diversity in river ecosystems.

Air pollution, which poses a global threat to human and ecosystem health, has been extensively monitored by governments and researchers worldwide. How...

Learning Health Systems provide a glide path to safe landing for AI in health.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds significant promise for healthcare but often struggles to transition from development to clinical integration. This...