Cultural Competence

SurgFed: Language-guided Multi-Task Federated Learning for Surgical Video Understanding

Surgical scene Multi-Task Federated Learning (MTFL) is essential for robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (RAS) but remains underexplored in surgical video understanding due to two key challenges: (1) Tissue Diversity: Local models struggle to adapt to site-specific tissue features, limiting their effectiveness in heterogeneous clinical environments and leading to poor local predictions. (2) ...

AMR-CCR: Anchored Modular Retrieval for Continual Chinese Character Recognition

Ancient Chinese character recognition is a core capability for cultural heritage digitization, yet real-world workflows are inherently non-stationary: newly excavated materials are continuously onboarded, bringing new classes in different scripts, and expanding the class space over time. We formalize this process as Continual Chinese Character Recognition (Continual CCR), a script-staged, class-in...

Mitigating Bias in Concept Bottleneck Models for Fair and Interpretable Image Classification

Ensuring fairness in image classification prevents models from perpetuating and amplifying bias. Concept bottleneck models (CBMs) map images to high-l...

Popformer: Learning general signatures of positive selection with a self-supervised transformer

Understanding natural selection can help shed light on the genetics underpinning adaptive evolution. The widespread availability of large-scale human ...

AutothinkRAG: Complexity-Aware Control of Retrieval-Augmented Reasoning for Image-Text Interaction

Information-intensive Document Question Answering (DocQA) is often constrained by long contexts and information overload, which hinders Vision-Languag...

Missingness Bias Calibration in Feature Attribution Explanations

Popular explanation methods often produce unreliable feature importance scores due to missingness bias, a systematic distortion that arises when model...

Likelihood-Free Parameter Inference for Spatiotemporal Stochastic Biological Models using Neural Posterior Estimation

Cell migration is a key biological process underlying wound healing, tissue development, and cancer metastasis, yet calibrating mathematical models of...

Order Is Not Layout: Order-to-Space Bias in Image Generation

We study a systematic bias in modern image generation models: the mention order of entities in text spuriously determines spatial layout and entity--r...

When Visual Evidence is Ambiguous: Pareidolia as a Diagnostic Probe for Vision Models

When visual evidence is ambiguous, vision models must decide whether to interpret face-like patterns as meaningful. Face pareidolia, the perception of...

Volumetric Directional Diffusion: Anchoring Uncertainty Quantification in Anatomical Consensus for Ambiguous Medical Image Segmentation

Equivocal 3D lesion segmentation exhibits high inter-observer variability. Conventional deterministic models ignore this aleatoric uncertainty, produc...

Bias in respiratory diagnoses by Large Language Models (LLMs) in Low Middle Income Countries (LMICs)

Introduction Clinicians and patients are likely to increasingly use Large Language Models (LLMs) for diagnostic support. Use of LLMs mostly created in...

LLandMark: A Multi-Agent Framework for Landmark-Aware Multimodal Interactive Video Retrieval

The increasing diversity and scale of video data demand retrieval systems capable of multimodal understanding, adaptive reasoning, and domain-specific...

The Causal Impact of Natural Language Processing-Driven Clinical Decision Support on Sepsis Mortality in England: An Augmented Synthetic Control Analysis of NHS Trust-Level Data

Background: Sepsis remains a leading cause of preventable hospital mortality in England, with NHS England reporting over 48,000 sepsis-related deaths ...

High Diversity Gene Libraries Facilitate Machine Learning Guided Exploration of Fluorescent Protein Sequence Space

While protein language models (PLMs) have shown great promise for protein design, their performance is fundamentally constrained by the diversity and ...

Leveraging Model Soups to Classify Intangible Cultural Heritage Images from the Mekong Delta

The classification of Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) images in the Mekong Delta poses unique challenges due to limited annotated data, high visual...

AgilePruner: An Empirical Study of Attention and Diversity for Adaptive Visual Token Pruning in Large Vision-Language Models

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have adopted visual token pruning strategies to mitigate substantial computational overhead incurred by extensive...

Interpretable Debiasing of Vision-Language Models for Social Fairness

The rapid advancement of Vision-Language models (VLMs) has raised growing concerns that their black-box reasoning processes could lead to unintended f...

Pix2Key: Controllable Open-Vocabulary Retrieval with Semantic Decomposition and Self-Supervised Visual Dictionary Learning

Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) uses a reference image plus a natural-language edit to retrieve images that apply the requested change while preserving...

GeoDiv: Framework For Measuring Geographical Diversity In Text-To-Image Models

Text-to-image (T2I) models are rapidly gaining popularity, yet their outputs often lack geographical diversity, reinforce stereotypes, and misrepresen...

Shared Nature, Unique Nurture: PRISM for Pluralistic Reasoning via In-context Structure Modeling

Large Language Models (LLMs) are converging towards a singular Artificial Hivemind, where shared Nature (pre-training priors) result in a profound col...