Cultural Competence

Multi-Scale Global-Instance Prompt Tuning for Continual Test-time Adaptation in Medical Image Segmentation

Distribution shift is a common challenge in medical images obtained from different clinical centers, significantly hindering the deployment of pre-trained semantic segmentation models in real-world applications across multiple domains. Continual Test-Time Adaptation(CTTA) has emerged as a promising approach to address cross-domain shifts during continually evolving target domains. Most existing CT...

The Evolutionary Structure of Acoustic Learnability: A Deep Learning Approach to Neotropical Birdsong

Passive Acoustic Monitoring offers a scalable solution for biodiversity assessment in the Neotropics, but classifying hundreds of sympatric species from complex soundscapes remains a major challenge. Here, we develop a deep learning framework for large-scale avian sound classification, training convolutional neural networks on recordings from 667 Neotropical bird species across northern South Amer...

REFINE2: a simplified simulation tool to help epidemiologists evaluate the suitability and sensitivity of effect estimation within user-specified data.

Epidemiologists have access to various methods to reduce bias and improve statistical efficiency in effect estimation, from standard multivariable reg...

Diversity-Preserved Distribution Matching Distillation for Fast Visual Synthesis

Distribution matching distillation (DMD) aligns a multi-step generator with its few-step counterpart to enable high-quality generation under low infer...

STEER: Inference-Time Risk Control via Constrained Quality-Diversity Search

Large Language Models (LLMs) trained for average correctness often exhibit mode collapse, producing narrow decision behaviors on tasks where multiple ...

Socially Grounded Exemplars Improve Synthetic Conversations for Health-Related Social Needs Navigation

Health-Related Social Needs (HRSNs) significantly impact health outcomes, yet traditional care often fails to address them effectively. While conversa...

Lung Nodule Image Synthesis Driven by Two-Stage Generative Adversarial Networks

The limited sample size and insufficient diversity of lung nodule CT datasets severely restrict the performance and generalization ability of detectio...

Generation of Synthetic Data in Health Surveys Using Large Language Models

Background: Generating synthetic data using artificial intelligence, such as large language models (LLMs), is a useful strategy in public health becau...

Diversity of antibiotic resistance genes increases in urbanized lakes: a multi-tool screening

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global public health threat projected to cause up to 10 million deaths annually by 2050 if no immediate ac...

ImgCoT: Compressing Long Chain of Thought into Compact Visual Tokens for Efficient Reasoning of Large Language Model

Compressing long chains of thought (CoT) into compact latent tokens is crucial for efficient reasoning with large language models (LLMs). Recent studi...

Persistent Proxy Discrimination in HIV Testing Prediction Models: A National Fairness Audit of 386,775 US Adults

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disproportionately affects marginalized communities in the United States, with Black Americans comprisi...

BLENDER: Blended Text Embeddings and Diffusion Residuals for Intra-Class Image Synthesis in Deep Metric Learning

The rise of Deep Generative Models (DGM) has enabled the generation of high-quality synthetic data. When used to augment authentic data in Deep Metric...

Deep Learning-Based Spatial Immunoprofiling of Multiplex Immunofluorescence Images Distinguishes Tuberculosis Disease States in Diversity Outbred Mice

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), remains a major global health challenge, with approximately 10.8 million new cases and...

Intersectional Fairness via Mixed-Integer Optimization

The deployment of Artificial Intelligence in high-risk domains, such as finance and healthcare, necessitates models that are both fair and transparent...

Transcriptomic profiling reveals neurophysiological gene candidates underlying vocal evolution in African clawed frogs

Neurophysiologists have discovered many mechanisms underlying the production of animal behaviors in specific species; these involve a collection of ne...

From Cold Start to Active Learning: Embedding-Based Scan Selection for Medical Image Segmentation

Accurate segmentation annotations are critical for disease monitoring, yet manual labeling remains a major bottleneck due to the time and expertise re...

Entropy-Guided Agreement-Diversity: A Semi-Supervised Active Learning Framework for Fetal Head Segmentation in Ultrasound

Fetal ultrasound (US) data is often limited due to privacy and regulatory restrictions, posing challenges for training deep learning (DL) models. Whil...

PC-MCL: Patient-Consistent Multi-Cycle Learning with multi-label bias correction for respiratory sound classification

Automated respiratory sound classification supports the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases. However, many deep models still rely on cycle-level analysis ...

SCHIGAND: A Synthetic Facial Generation Mode Pipeline

The growing demand for diverse and high-quality facial datasets for training and testing biometric systems is challenged by privacy regulations, data ...

Federated Proximal Optimization for Privacy-Preserving Heart Disease Prediction: A Controlled Simulation Study on Non-IID Clinical Data

Healthcare institutions have access to valuable patient data that could be of great help in the development of improved diagnostic models, but privacy...