Dermatology

Loop of N2-polarized neutrophils and exhausted CD8 + T cells induces immunotherapy resistance in NSCLC.

While neutrophils represent a prominent myeloid component in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the specific immunosuppressive functions of N2-polarized neutrophils and their mechanistic interactions with CD8⁺ T cells remain incompletely characterized. Furthermore, the development of clinically applicable models for prognostic stratification and immunotherapy response prediction, grounded in thes...

Identification of mitochondrial dynamics-related biomarkers in psoriasis using bioinformatics and Mendelian randomization.

Mitochondrial dynamics (MD) are crucial in various inflammatory disorders, yet the specific mechanisms involved in psoriasis remain inadequately understood. Thus, this study aims to discover potential biomarkers and explore the mechanisms related to MD in psoriasis by employing bioinformatics methods in conjunction with the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. In this investigation, datasets ass...

Artificial intelligence for diagnosis and triage in oral cancer: a clinician‑centered narrative review.

BACKGROUND: Early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains challenging, with survival largely stage-dependent at presentation. Artific...

DDFU-Net: A Deep Decoder-Focused U-Net Model for Retinal Lesion Segmentation.

Early detection of retinal lesions helps to avoid visual loss or blindness. The main lesions associated with eye diseases include soft exudates, hard ...

Analysis of hybrid CNN models optimized with metaheuristic algorithms for melanoma detection.

Melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of skin cancer, with a high mortality rate when not detected early. This public health challenge undersco...

Efficient Deep Ladle-Net for fast universal 3D lesion segmentation on chest-abdomen-pelvis computed tomography.

Accurate evaluation of tumor size on follow-up computed tomography (CT) scans is critical for assessing treatment efficacy in cancer patients. However...

[Application of artificial intelligence in pathological diagnosis of ocular tumors].

Ocular tumors encompass ocular surface tumors, orbital tumors, and intraocular tumors, characterized by high heterogeneity and complex classifications...

BRAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma: from resistance mechanisms to therapeutic innovations.

BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) have transformed the treatment of BRAF mutant melanoma, but inherent and acquired resistance remains a major barrier to curati...

The Development and External Testing of Deep Learning Model for Automated Classification of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration on CT Images.

The study aims to develop and externally test a deep learning (DL) model using CT images for automatic classification of intervertebral disc degenerat...

Endothelial SMAD1-MCAM axis facilitates sunitinib resistance and progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma via LAMB1-ITGB1 signaling.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is characterized by high metastatic potential and frequent resistance to conventional therapies, highlighting ...

Machine learning-based prognostic prediction for cutaneous malignant melanoma patient survival.

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is a highly malignant tumor that necessitates early diagnosis and precise survival prediction. The deve...

Hematologic Patterns in Differentiating DRESS From Morbilliform Drug Eruptions: A Preliminary Investigation.

Background: Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) and morbilliform drug eruption (MDE) are 2 distinct drug eruptions that can ...

Future Perspectives for Artificial Intelligence in Allergy: Advances in Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Personalized Care.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is significantly transforming the specialty of allergy by offering novel tools for diagnosis, risk prediction, disease mo...

Risk prediction modelling of 30-day all-cause mortality following percutaneous coronary intervention in an Australian population: leveraging machine learning.

BACKGROUND: Preprocedural risk prediction of 30-day all-cause mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) aids in clinical decision-makin...

SwinPix: A Swin Transformer-based Pix2Pix Framework for Low-Dose PET Denoising Using Multi-level Inputs Toward Standard-Dose Quality.

This study introduces SwinPix, a novel network architecture designed to explore the effectiveness of multi-level low-dose (LD) PET inputs as prior kno...

Comparison of CT-based radiomics models for the prediction of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status in gastric cancer.

Synthetic skin image generation using a physics-based, object-to-image computational pipeline.

PURPOSE: We describe an extended overview and evaluation of the S-SYNTH skin simulation approach (Kim et al. in MICCAI, Springer, pp 734-744, 2024), a...

Fairness aware subset selection for advancing equity in skin cancer detection.

OBJECTIVES: Skin cancer is the most common malignancy in the United States, with more than five million cases diagnosed annually among 3.3 million ind...

Multimodal Skin Disease Classification Using Vision Transformers, Medical Captioning, and Metadata Fusion: An Analysis on the ISIC 2024 Dataset.

Skin cancer and dermatological diseases are among the most prevalent global health conditions, where early and accurate diagnosis is critical for impr...

Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools: Evaluating Ways to Automate Your SALT (GATEWAYS) Scoring of Alopecia Areata.

BACKGROUND: Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease affecting hair follicles that results in nonscarring hair loss. AA impacts 0.1%-0.2% of the ...