Diabetes

Beyond plaque and stenosis: Coronary inflammation imaging with the fat attenuation index.

Pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) imaging has emerged as a promising noninvasive marker of coronary inflammation and an adjunctive risk-stratification tool beyond conventional coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) findings such as luminal stenosis and plaque morphology. The fat attenuation index (FAI), derived from CCTA, quantifies phenotypic changes in pericoronary fat driven by vascul...

Development and Validation of an Interpretable Machine Learning Model for Predicting In-Hospital Mortality in Diabetic Patients with Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury.

BackgroundSepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) is a common and severe complication in critically ill patients, with poor prognosis. Diabetes may further increase adverse outcomes through infection susceptibility, immune dysfunction, and renal vulnerability. However, mortality prediction models for patients with diabetes complicated by SA-AKI remain limited. This study aimed to develop an...

Artificial intelligence for healthcare in Nepal: A scoping review of clinical applications, implementation evidence, and health-system governance.

BACKGROUND: Nepal offers a distinctive LMIC setting for evaluating AI-health adoption due to its difficult geography, specialist shortage, high case b...

Glycosylation-Associated Macrophage Signatures Define a Diagnostic Model for Diabetic Retinopathy via Single-Cell Analysis.

PURPOSE: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains a leading cause of vision loss, with macrophages and glycosylation dysregulation implicated in DR pathogene...

A Two-Stage Hybrid Feature Selection and Ensemble Learning Framework With Explainable AI for Accurate PCOS Prediction.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrine ailment impacting women of reproductive age, distinguished by on...

A narrative review of what cohorts have taught us and how they have laid the foundation for much of our understanding of type 2 diabetes.

This narrative review provides a historical perspective on how observational research on type 2 diabetes has been developed and consolidated over the ...

Integrating Environmental Exposure Profiles with Temporal Transcriptomics: An Explainable Machine Learning Model for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction and Biological Validation.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) pathogenesis is strongly associated with environmental exposures and metabolic factors. This study aimed to i...

Correction: Artificial intelligence for early detection of diabetic retinopathy: A vision transformer-based approach.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0350854.].

Research Progress of Diabetes-related Glaucoma: Mechanisms, Impacts and Management Strategies.

Diabetes mellitus (DM), a highly prevalent metabolic disorder, is increasingly recognised for its significant association with glaucoma, a leading cau...

HIF1A-Associated Ferroptosis-Related Gene Signatures Reveal Candidate Circulating Biomarkers in Diabetic Nephropathy.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major microvascular complication of diabetes. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A) and ferroptosis contribute to th...

A decade of artificial intelligence research in ophthalmology: Global trends and transferable insights for medical AI.

To characterize global trends in ophthalmic AI research from 2015-2025 and drive transferable insights into the broader evolution of AI in medicine, w...

Deep Learning-Based Automated Segmentation of the Suprascapular Nerve and Adjacent Structures in Dynamic Supraclavicular Ultrasound.

OBJECTIVE: The suprascapular nerve (SSN) provides major motor and sensory innervation to the shoulder. Its accurate identification on ultrasound is ch...

Merging artificial intelligence and retinal vascular geometric parameters: A novel tool for diagnosis and prognosis prediction of diabetic nephropathy.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. The retinal microvasculature, as the only directly observable m...

Intramuscular Fat Assessed by AI-Assisted Muscle Ultrasound: Association With Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Diabetic Nephropathy in Diabetes Mellitus.

AIMS: Intramuscular fat (IMF) is increasingly recognized as a marker of ectopic adiposity and adverse cardiometabolic outcomes. Artificial intelligenc...

Adaptation of a fair individualized polysocial risk score for hospitalization risk prediction.

OBJECTIVES: We adapted the individualized polysocial risk score (iPsRS), a machine learning model originally developed for patients with type 2 diabet...

Stress hyperglycaemia ratio and post-operative delirium after cardiac surgery: a retrospective cohort study of the MIMIC-IV database.

BACKGROUND: Post-operative delirium is a serious neurocognitive complication of cardiac surgery. The stress hyperglycaemia ratio (SHR), which adjusts ...

Physics-Guided Transformer Enables Efficient Inverse Design of Terahertz Metasurfaces for Glucose Sensing.

Inverse design of terahertz (THz) metasurfaces via algorithmic models has become a mainstream trend and finds wide application in THz biosensing devic...

Grading-labour cost analysis of AI-assisted versus human-only diabetic retinopathy screening in two Danish healthcare settings.

PURPOSE: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening is essential to prevent vision loss, yet rising diabetes prevalence threatens to outpace ophthalmology ca...

Machine learning for precision obstetrics: A comprehensive review of risk prediction models for hypertensive disorders and pregnancy-related syndromes.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), preterm birth, and intrauterine growth restriction represent major con...

Triglyceride-glucose frailty index, metabolic-frailty phenotypes, and mortality in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: Derivation, interpretation, and external validation.

BACKGROUND: Prognosis remains heterogeneous among critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). We evaluated the triglyceride-glucose frailt...